QUESTIONS FROM TEXTBOOK SOLVED

THINK AS YOU READ
Q1. From where did the peddler get the idea of the world being a rattrap?
Ans: The peddler had been thinking of his rattraps when suddenly he was struck by the idea that the whole world was nothing but a big rattrap. It existed only to set baits for people. It offered riches and joys, shelter and food, heat and clothing in the same manner as the rattrap offered cheese and pork. As soon as someone let himself be tempted to touch the bait, it closed in on him, and then everything came to an end.

Q2. Why was he amused by this idea?
Ans: His own life was sad and monotonous. He walked laboriously from place to place. The world had never been kind to him. So, during his gloomy ploddings, this idea became his favourite pastime. He was amused how people let themselves be caught in the dangerous snare and how others were still circling around the bait.

Also Look at The Rattrap Questions and Answers

Q3. Did the peddler expect the kind of hospitality that he received from the crofter?
Ans: The crofter served him porridge for supper and tobacco for his pipe. He also played a game of cards with him till bed time. This hospitality was unexpected as people usually made sour faces when the peddler asked for shelter.

Q4. Why was the crofter so talkative and friendly with the peddler?
Ans: The crofter’s circumstances and temperament made him so talkative and friendly with the peddler. Since he had no wife or child, he was happy to get someone to talk to in his loneliness. Secondly, he was quite generous with his confidences.

Q5. Why did he show the thirty kronor to the peddler?
Ans: The crofter had told the peddler that by supplying his cow’s milk to the creamery, he had received thirty kronor in payment. The peddler seemed to doubt it. So, in order to assure his guest of the truth he showed the thirty kronor to the peddler.

Q6. Did the peddler respect the confidence reposed in him by the crofter?
Ans: No, the peddler did not respect the confidence reposed in him by the crofter. At the very first opportunity that he got, he smashed the window pane, took out the money and hung the leather pouch back in its place. Then he went away.

THINK AS YOU READ
Q1. What made the peddler think that he had indeed fallen into a rattrap?
Ans: The peddler realised that he must not walk on the public highway with the stolen money in his pocket. He went into the woods. He kept walking without coming to the end of the wood. Then he realised that he had fallen in the rattrap. He had let himself befooled by a bait and had been caught in.

Q2. Why did the ironmaster speak kindly to the peddler and invite him home?
Ans: The ironmaster walked closely up to the peddler. In the uncertain reflection from the furnace, he mistook the man as his old regimental comrade, Captain Von Stahle. He addressed the stranger as Nils Olof, spoke very kindly and invited him home.

Q3. Why did the peddler decline the invitation?
Ans: The peddler knew that the ironmaster had mistaken him for his old regimental comrade. Secondly, he had stolen money—thirty kronor—on him. Going to the ironmaster’s residence would be like entering the lion’s den. So, he declined the invitation.

THINK AS YOU READ
Q1. What made the peddler accept Edla Willmansson’s invitation?
Ans: Miss Edla Willmansson looked at the peddler quite compassionately. She noticed that the man was afraid. She assured him that he would be allowed to leave just as freely as he came. She requested him to stay with them over Christmas Eve. Her friendly manner made the peddler feel confidence in her and accept her invitation.

Q2. What doubts did Edla have about the peddler?
Ans: As Edla lifted the peddler’s hat, he jumped up abruptly and seemed to be quite frightened. Even her kind looks, disclosure of her name and purpose of visit failed to calm him. From his fear, she thought that either he had stolen something or he had escaped from jail.

Q3. When did the ironmaster realise his mistake?
Ans: Next morning, the stranger was cleaned and well-dressed. The valet had bathed him, cut his hair and shaved him. He was led to the dining room for breakfast. The ironmaster saw him in broad daylight. It was impossible to mistake him for an old acquaintance now. Then the ironmaster realised his mistake and threatened to call the Sheriff.

Q4. How did the peddler defend himself against not having revealed his true identity?
Ans: The peddler explained that he had not tried to pretend as his acquaintance. He was not at fault. All along he had maintained that he was a poor trader. He had pleaded and begged to be allowed to stay in the forge. No harm had been done by his stay. He was willing to put on his rags again and go away.

Q5. Why did Edla still entertain the peddler even after she knew the truth about him?
Ans: Edla did not think it proper on their part to chase away a human being whom they had asked to come to their house and had promised him Christmas cheer. She understood the reality of the peddler’s life and wanted him to enjoy a day of peace with them. Hence, she still entertained the peddler even after knowing the truth about him.

THINK AS YOU READ
Q1. Why was Edla happy to see the gift left by the peddler?
Ans: As soon as Edla opened the package of the gift, the contents came into view. She found a small rattrap with three wrinkled ten kronor notes and a letter addressed to her. The peddler wanted to be nice in return as she had been so nice to him all day long. He did not want her to be embarrased at the Christmas season by a thief.

Q2.Why did the peddler sign himself as Captain von Stahle?
Ans: The ironmaster has invited the peddler to his house mistaking him for Captain von Stahle. He was welcomed there and looked after as captain even after the reality became known. The peddler got a chance to redeem himself from dishonest ways by acting as an honourable Captain.

UNDERSTANDING THE TEXT
Q1. How does the peddler interpret the acts of kindness and hospitality shown by the crofter, the iron master and his daughter?
Ans: The peddler interprets the acts of kindness and hospitality shown by the crofter, the iron master and his daughter differently. He cheats the crofter as he provides him company in his loneliness and helps him pass time. He wants to get a couple of kronors from the iron master and is surprised at the contrasting style of behaviour of father and daughter. He is touched by the kindness, care and intervention of Edla on his behalf.

Q2. What are the instances in the story that show that the character of the ironmaster is different from that of his daughter in many ways?
Ans: The ironmaster is impulsive* whereas his daughter is cool, logical, kind and thoughtful. In uncertain light he (iron master) mistakes the stranger as his old regiment comrade. He invites him home and takes care of his feeding, clothing etc. When he sees him in broad day light he calls the man dishonest, demands an explanation and is ready to call in the sheriff. His daughter is more observant. She notices the fear of the stranger and thinks that either he is a thief or a run away prisoner. Inspite of that She is gentle, kind and friendly to him. She treats him nicely even after knowing the mistake in identity.

Q3. The story has many instances of unexpected reactions from the characters to others’ behaviour. Pick out instances of these surprises.
Ans: The peddler is surprised at the warm welcome, generous supper, cheerful company and intimate confidences by the crofter. The ironmaster addresses the peddler as Captain von Stahle. He is surprised when the ironmaster calls him “Nils Olof. The ironmaster assumes his declining the invitation a result of embarrassment caused by his miserable clothing. The peddler’s comparison of the world to a rattrap makes the ironmaster laugh and he drops the idea of calling in the sheriff.
The peddler looks at Edla in boundless amazement when she tells him that the suit is a Christmas present. She also invites him to spend next Christmas with them. She does all this even after knowing the mistake about his identity.The crofter is robbed by his guest, the rattrap peddler, in return of his hospitality.

Q4. What made the peddler finally change his ways?
Ans: Edla Willmansson treated the tramp in a friendly manner. She was nice and kind to her. She interceded on his behalf when her father was about to turn him out. She still entertained the peddler even after knowing the truth about him. She offered him the suit as Christmas present and invited him to spend the next Christmas with them. Her love and understanding aroused the essential goodness in the peddler and finally he changed his ways.

Q5. How does the metaphor of the rattrap serve to highlight the human predicament?
Ans: The world entices a person through the various good things of life such as riches and joy, shelter and food, heat and clothing. These were just like the baits in the rattrap. Once someone is tempted by the bait, the world closed on him.The peddler was tempted by thirty kronor of the crofter. It makes him hide himself. He walks through the wood. He is afraid to go to the Manor house. He gets peace only after returning the bait (money).

Q6. The peddler comes out as a person with a subtle sense of humour. How7 does this serve in lightening the seriousness of the theme of the story and also endear him to us?
Ans: The peddler has a subtle sense of humour, which is revealed during his interactions with the ironmaster and his daughter after the truth about him becomes known. He is neither afraid of being turned out in cold in rags nor of being sent to prison. He makes the ironmaster laugh with his metaphor of the rattrap. His letter with the Christmas present to Edla is a fine example of his capacity to make others laugh at him. Thus, he lightens the seriousness of the theme of the story and also endears himself to us.

TALKING ABOUT THE TEXT
Discuss the following in groups of four. Each group can deal with one topic and present the views of your group to the whole class.
Q1. The reader’s sympathy is with the peddler right from the beginning of the story. Why is this so? Is the sympathy justified?
Ans: The peddler wins our sympathy for his way of life and how the world treats him. It is an admitted fact that the underdog always runs away with sympathy, so does the peddler with the rattraps. He begs the material like wire for his rattraps. His business not being specially profitable, he resorts to begging and petty thievery to keep body and soul together.
His life is sad and monotonous. He plods along the road lost in his own meditation. The world has never been very kind to him and he feels happy in calling it a rattrap. Whenever, he asks shelter for the night, he meets sour faces. He is an unwelcome, unwanted and undesirable figure. The blacksmiths at forge glance at him only casually and indifferently. The master blacksmith nods a haughty consent without honouring him with a single word.
The old and lonely crofter finds him an enjoyable company. The ironmaster mistakes him for an old regimental comrade. Only Edla Willmansson behaves with him in a kind, friendly manner. Her nice treatment arouses the tramp’s goodness. He redeems himself Hy returning the stolen money and wins our admiration. Thus, we see that the sympathy is not only well earned but well justified too.

Q2. The story also focuses on human loneliness and the need to bond with others.
Ans: There are at least three characters in the story who suffer from loneliness and express the need to bond with others. They represent three strata of the human society as well. The peddler with the rattraps, the old crofter and the ironmaster all suffer from loneliness. The peddler is called a tramp, a vagabond and stranger at various points of the story. He moves wearily from one place to the other. He is lost in his own thoughts. He seeks shelter for night and people look at him with sour faces. Even the blacksmiths look haughtily at him and nod consent. The old crofter suffers from loneliness as he has neither wife nor child with him. Hence, he feels happy when he gets the peddler to talk to in his loneliness.
The ironmaster is also lonely in his manor house. His wife Elizabeth has died and his sons are abroad. There is no one at home except his oldest daughter and himself. His requests to Captain von Stehle to accompany him show his need for human bonding. He admits frankly that they didn’t have any company for Christmas. The stranger turns down the request not because he is against bonding with others but because he fears being caught with stolen money.

Q3. Have you known/heard of an episode where a good deed or an act of kindness has changed a person’s view of the world?
Ans: Yes, I know how the kindness of a Bishop transformed a hard-hearted beastly convict into a man again with faith in God and human values. The story is presented in the form of a famous play ‘The Bishop’s Candlesticks’
The Bishop provides food and shelter at midnight to a runaway convict who threatens him with a knife. Long years of imprisonment and harsh treatment in the prisonship has transformed the man into beast and he is devoid of all human feelings now. The convict runs away with the Bishop’s silver candlesticks, but is caught by the police.
In order to save the convict from further punishment and torture, the Bishop tells the police officer that the fellow is his friend and he had himself given him the candlesticks. This kind act of the Bishop melts the hard heart of the convict. He sobs and weeps. He promises to be a man again.

Q4. The story is both entertaining and philosophical. Discuss.
Ans: The story entertains us by providing glimpses into human nature and how people react to various situations. The actions of the peddler after stealing thirty kronor are quite amusing. The reactions of the blacksmiths to the tramp’s request for shelter show how casual and indifferent human beings can be.
The U-turn in the ironmaster’s attitude towards the stranger reveal how selfish and ignorant human beings can be. Mistaking the vagabond for his old regimental comrade, whom he thinks he has run across unexpectedly, he asks the stranger to accompany him home and spend Christmas with them. When the stranger refuses to go with him, the ironmaster sends his daughter. With her better persuasive power she makes him follow her.
The ironmaster is annoyed on seeing the stranger in broad daylight. But instead of realising his own mistake, he puts the blame on the man. He talks of handing him over to the sheriff. The metaphor of the world being a rattrap saves the situation for the tramp, but the ironmaster wants to turn him out. His daughter’s comments are quite entertaining and philosophical. She wants the tramp to enjoy a day of peace. Secondly, she does not want to chase away a person whom they had invited home and had promised Christmas cheer.

WORKING WITH WORDS
Q1. The man selling rattraps is referred to by many terms such as “peddler, stranger” etc. Pick out all such references to him. What does each of these labels indicate of the context or the attitude of the people around him.
Ans: Initially, the man who went around selling small rattraps of wire is called a Vagabond’ for he plodded along the road, left to his own meditations. He is referred to as “stranger” by the narrator while describing his meeting with the old crofter. When he leaves the next day he is described as “the man with rattraps.’ When he returns half an hour later to steal money he is called ‘the rattrap peddler.’
For the blacksmiths at the forge he is an intruder. The narrator now refers to him as a ‘tramp’. For the rich ironmaster he is a “ragamuffin’. Since he had never seen the ironmaster or known his name, the man with rattraps is called a ‘stranger’. He is described as ‘stranger* while he stretches himself out on the floor when the ironmaster leaves. The label sticks to him during his stay at the manor house as a guest. These descriptions also suggest the degree of social difference ^between the persons and the peddler of rattraps and their attitude towards him.

Q2. You came across the words, plod, trudge, stagger in the story. These words indicate movement accompanied by weariness. Find five other such words with a similar meaning.
Ans: Five other words with a similar meaning are: clomp, lumber, lurch, reel, stumble.

NOTICING FORM
1.He made them himself at odd moments.
2.He raised himself.
3.He had let himself be fooled by a bait and had been caught.
4. a day may come when you yourself may want to get a big piece of pork.
Notice the way in which these reflexive pronouns have been used (pronoun + self)
•In 1 and 4 the reflexive pronouns “himself’ and •‘yourself” are used to convey emphasis.
•In 2 and 3 the reflexive pronoun is used in place of personal pronoun to signal that it refers to the same subject in the sentence.
•Pick out other examples of the use of reflexive pronouns from the story and notice how
they are used.
Ans. 1.He had not come there to talk but only to warm himself and sleep.
2.To go up to the manor house would be like throwing himself voluntarily into the lion’s den.
3…….there is no one at home except my oldest daughter and myself.
4.But he laughed to himself as he went away …
5……apparently hoping that she would have better powers of persuasion than he himself.
6. The stranger had stretched himself out on the floor…
7. It would never have occurred to me that you would bother with me yourself, miss.
8…… if he had not been raised to captain, because in that way he got power to clear himself.
In sentences 3, 5 and 7 the reflexive pronouns ‘myself, “himself and ‘yourself are used to convey emphasis.
In sentences 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8, the reflexive pronoun is used in place of personal pronoun to signal that it refers to the same subject in the sentence.

THINKING ABOUT LANGUAGE
Q1. Notice the words in bold in the following sentence:
“The fire boy shovelled charcoal in the maw of the furnace with a great deal of clatter.” This is a phrase that is used in the specific context of an iron plant.
Pick out other such phrases and words from the story that are peculiar lo the terminology of ironworks.
Ans: Words and phrases that are peculiar to the terminology of ironworks are given below: hammer strokes, smelter, forge, rolling mill, coal dust, furnace, pig iron, anvil, iron bar, big bellow, coal, charcoal, shovel and sooty panes.

Q2. “Mjolis” is a card game of Sweden.
Name a few indoor games played in your region. “Chopar” could be an example.
Ans: ‘Rang-kaaf and ‘Turap Bol’ are popular indoor card games in our region.
‘Chukkhal’ is a poor man’s substitute for Chopar.
‘Goti-paar’ is popular among young girls in rural areas.

Q3. A “Crofter” is a person who rents or owns a small farm especially in Scotland. Think of other uncommon terms for “a small farmer” including those in your language.
Ans: The uncommon terms for “a small farmer” are:
tiller, plowman/ploughman, husbandman, rancher, tenant farmer and small holder.
In our language there are words like haali’, ‘bataai-jotta’, ‘jotta’ etc.

MORE QUESTIONS SOLVED

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Q1. How did the peddler of rattraps manage in survive?
Ans:He made rattraps of wire and went around selling them. He got material for making them
by begging in the big stores or at big farms. Since his business was not quite profitable, he would beg or steal in order to survive.

Q2. How did the peddler look? Was he different from people of his type?
Ans: He was a man with a long beard, dirty, ragged, and with a bunch of rattraps dangling on his chest. His clothes were in rags, his cheeks were sunken, and hunger gleamed in his eyes. No, he looked like the way people of his type usually did.

Q3. What idea. did he get about the world? What were its implications?
Ans: He got the idea that the whole world was only a big trap. It sets baits for people exactly as the rattrap offered cheese and pork. It offered riches and joys, shelter and food, heat and clothing as baits. It closed on the person who let himself be tempted to touch the bait. Then everything came to an end.

Q4. Why did the peddler think of the world as a rattrap? What became his cherished pastime?
Ans: The world had never been kind to the peddler. So, he got unusual joy to think ill of the world. His pastime was to think of people he knew who had let themselves be caught in the dangerous snare of the world, and of others who were still circling around the bait.

Q5. What hospitality did the peddler with rattraps receive from the old crofter?
Ans: The old crofter served the peddler hot porridge for supper and gave him tabacco for his pipe. He entertained his guest by playing cards with him. He also informed him about his prosperous past life and how his cow supported him in his old age now.

Q6. ‘The old man was just as generous with his confidences as with his porridge and tobacco’. What personal information did he impart to his guest ?
Ans: The old man told his guest that in his days of prosperity he had been a crofter at Ramsjo Ironworks. Then he worked on the land. Now he was unable to do physical labour. His cow supported him now. He supplied her milk to the creamery everyday. Last month he had received thirty kronor in payment.

Q7. Where had the old man put his money? Why did he hold it up before the eyes of his guest and what did he do later on?
Ans: The man had put his money in a leather pouch which hung on a nail in the window frame. He picked out three wrinMed ten-kronor bills for his guest to see as he has seemed sceptical. Then he stuffed them back into the pouch.

Q8.‘ The next day both men got up in good, season.’ Why? Who are the men and what did they do after getting up?
Ans: The two men are the old crofter and his guest-the peddler with, the rattraps. The crofter was in a hurry to milk his cow. His guest did not want to stay in bed when the host had risen. They left the cottage at the same time. The crofter locked the door and put the key in his pocket. The peddler bade him goodbye and thanked him. Then each went his own way.

Q9. Why did rattrap peddler return and how did he rob the old crofter?
Ans: The rattrap peddler was tempted by the thirty kronors he had seen in the leather pouch of the old crofter. He returned half an hour later, smashed a window pane, stuck in his hand and got hold of the pouch. He took out the money and thrust it into his own pocket. Thus, he robbed the old crofter.

Q10. How did the peddler feel after robbing the crofter? Why did he discontinue walking on the public highway?
Ans:At first he felt quite pleased with his smartness. Then he realised the danger of being caught by the police with the stolen money with him. He decided to discontinue walking on the public highway and turn off the road, into the woods.

Q11. Why did Edla plead with her father not to send the vagabond away? [All India 2014]
Ans: Edla was kind and sympathetic. She was much pained by the plight of the peddler. Edla requested her father to spend a day with them in peace as a respite from the struggle.

Q12. How did the peddler feel while walking through the wood? What did he realise?
Ans: During the first hours the woods caused him no difficulty. Later in the day, it became worse as it was a big and confusing forest. The paths twisted back and forth. He kept on walking but did not come to the end of the wood. He realised that he had been walking around in the same part of the forest.

Q13. What do you learn about the Ramsjo Ironworks from ‘The Rattrap’?
Ans: The Ramsjo Ironworks used to be a large plant, with smelter, rolling mill and forge. In the summer time long fines of heavily loaded barges and scows slid down the canal. In the winter time, the roads near the mill were black from charcoal dust.

Q14. Why did the blacksmith fail to notice the entry of the peddler in the forge?
Ans: The forge was full of many sounds. The big bellows groaned and the burning coal cracked. The fire boy shovelled charcoal into the maw of the fumance with a great deal of clatter. A water fall roared outside. Sharp north wind made the rain strike the brick-tiled roof. Due to all this noise the blacksmith failed to notice the peddlar’s entry.

Q15. ‘The blacksmiths glanced only casually and indifferently at the intruder’, What prompted them to do so?
Ans: Usually poor vegabonds, without any better shelter for the night, felt attracted to the forge by the glow of fight which escaped through the sooty panes. They came in to warm themselves in front of the fire. The intruder looked like other people of his type usually did.

Q16. What did the tramp ask? Was his request granted? What did he do then?
Ans: The tramp asked permission to stay. The blacksmiths hardly deigned to look at him. The master blacksmith nodded a haughty consent without uttering a word. The tramp too did not say anything. He had come there only to warm himself and sleep. So, he eased his way close to the furnace. ‘

Q17. Who was the owner of the Ramsjo Iron Mill? Why did he come to the forge that night?
Ans: The owner of that mill was a very prominent ironmaster. His greatest ambition was to ship out good iron to the market. He insisted on quality and kept a watch on the work both night and day. He came to the forge on one of his nightly rounds of inspection.

Q18. What did the ironmaster notice in the forge? How did he react then?
Ans: The ironmaster noticed a person in dirty rags lying quite close to the furnace. Steam rose from his wet rags. The ironmaster went near him and looked at him very carefully. Then he removed his slouch hat to get a better view of his face. He thought that he was an old acquaintance of his and said : “But of course it is you, Nils Olof!”

Q19. Why did the man with the rattraps not want to undeceive the ironmaster all at once?
Ans: The peddler thought that if the fine gentleman thought he was an old acquaintance, he might perhaps throw him a couple of kronor. So he did not want to undeceive him all at once.

Q20. What observation did the ironmaster make about the stranger? What did he ask him to do?
Ans: The ironmaster saw the stranger in the uncertain fight of the fumance and mistook him for his old regimental comrade. He said that it was a mistake on his part to have resigned from the regiment. If he had been in service at that time, it would never have happened. He asked the stranger to go home with him.

Q21. What did the peddler think about going up to the manor house? How did he react to the ironmaster’s invitation?
Ans: The peddler looked quite alarmed. He still had the stolen thirty kronor on him. Going up to the manor house would be like throwing himself voluntarily into the lion’s den. He did not feel pleased to go there and be received by the owner like an old regimental comrade. So he declined the invitation.

Q22. What did the ironmaster assume to be the reason behind his old comrade s refusal? Hoiw did he try to reassure him?
Ans: The ironmaster assumed that his old regimental comrade felt embarrassed because of his miserable clothing. He said that his house was not so fine that he couldn’t show himself there. He lived there only with his daughter as his wife Elizabeth was dead and his sons were abroad.

Q23. What reason did the ironmaster advance in support of his invitation to the stranger?
Ans: He said that they didn’t have any company for Christmas. He thought it was quite bad. He requested the stranger to come along with him and help them make the Christmas food disappear a little faster.

Q24. ‘The ironmaster saw that he must give in.’ What made him give in? What did he say? What did the blacksmith think about the ironmaster?
Ans: The stranger declined the ironmaster’s invitation thrice. The ironmaster then told Stjemstrom, the blacksmith that Captain von Stahle preferred to stay with him that night. He laughed to himself as he went away. The blacksmith, who knew the ironmaster, understood very well that he had not said his last word.

Q25. Who was the new guest at the forge ? Why had that person come there and how did he I she look’? Who accompanied her and why? 
Ans: The new guest was the ironmaster’s daughter. She drove in there in a carriage along with a valet who carried on his arm a big fur coat. She had been sent there by her father hoping that she had better powers of persuasion that he himself. She was not at all pretty, but seemed modest and quite Shy.

Q26. Describe the scene at the forge when Edla Willmansson came there.
Ans: The master blacksmith and his apprentice sat on a bench. Iron and charcoal glowed in the furnace. The stranger had stretched himself out on the floor. He lay with a piece of pig iron under his head and his hat pulled down over his eyes.

Q27. What did the young girl notice about the stranger? What did she conclude? How did she make him feel confidence in her?
Ans: The stranger jumped up abruptly and seemed to be quite frightened. She looked at him sympathetically, but the man still looked afraid. She concluded that either he had stolen something or else he had escaped from jail. She spoke to him in a very friendly manner to make him feel confidence in her.

Q28. What did the peddler of rat traps think while he was riding up to the manor house?
Ans: Whfie he was riding up to the manor house he had evil forebodings. He questioned himself why he had taken that fellow’s money. He thought that he was sitting in the trap and would never get out of it.

Q29. Why did the peddler derive pleasure from his idea of the world as a rattrap? [Delhi 2014]
Ans: The peddler was very happy with the idea of the world as a rattrap because he was never given kindly treatment by the world. He had quite different feeling for it and loved to think ill of it by comparing it to a rattrap.

Q30. How did the ironmaster try to convince his daughter about the stranger’?
Ans: He asked his daughter to have some patience. She would see something different as soon as the stranger got clean and dressed up. Last night he was naturally embarrassed. He asserted that tramp manners would fall away from him with tramp clothes.

Q31. What impression did the well-groomed guest make? How did the ironmaster react and why?
Ans: He looked truly clean and well dressed. The ironmaster did not seem pleased. He looked at him with contracted brow. It was because he had made a mistake in identifying the person in uncertain light at night. He demanded an explanation from the man.

Q32. What did the ironmaster threaten to do after knowing the mistake? How did the stranger save himself?
Ans: The ironmaster threatened to call in the sheriff. The stranger told him that the Sheriff might lock him up for dissembling. He reminded the ironmaster that a day might come when he might get tempted, and then he would be caught in the big rattrap of the world. The metaphor amused the ironmaster. He dropped the idea of sending for the sheriff, but asked the stranger to leave at once.

Q33. ‘The daughter stood there quite embarrassed and hardly knew what to answer.’ What embarrassed her? Why did she intercede for the vagabond?
Ans: The daughter had drawn plans to make things homelike and typical of Christmas, for the poor hungry wretch. She could not get away from this idea at once. She felt embarrassed when her father asked the man to get out. She interceded for the vagabond to persuade her father to let him stay for Christmas.

Q34. What arguments did the young girl give in favour of the stranger’s stay there?
Ans: She said that the whole year long, the stranger walked around. He was probably not welcome or made to feel at home even at a single place. He was chased away wherever he turned. He was always afraid of being arrested and cross-examined. She wanted him to enjoy a day of peace with them-just one in the whole year.

Q35. “He only stared at the young girl in boundless amazement.” What made the man with the rattraps react in this manner?
Ans: The young girl told him after the Christmas dinner that the suit he wore was to be a Christmas present from her father. He did not have to return it. If he wanted to spend next Christmas Eve peacefully, without any evil befalling him, he would be welcomed back again. This amazed him.

Q36. “The young girl sat and hung her head even more dejectedly than usual.” What two reasons forced her to behave in this manner?
Ans: First, she had learned at church that one of the old crofters of the ironworks had been robbed by a man who went around selling rattraps. Second, her father taunted her and held her responsible for letting that “fine fellow” into the house.

Q37. Sum up the contents of the letter addressed to Miss Willmansson.
Ans: The stranger did not want her to be embarrassed at the Christmas season with a thief. As she had been nice to him as if he were a captain, he would be nice to her as if he were a real captain. She asked her to return the money to the old crofter. The rattrap was a present from a rat who would have been caught in the world’s rattrap if he had not been raised to captain. It was as captain that he got power to clear himself.

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Q1. What is the theme of the story ‘The Rattrap’ ? How has this theme been developed?
Ans: The theme of the story is that most human beings are prone to fall into the trap of material benefit. However, every human being has an essential goodness that can be awakened through understanding and love. A human being has the tendency to redeem himself from dishonest ways.
The theme is developed with the help of the metaphor of the rattrap. The peddler of rattraps calls the world a big rattrap. The material benefits like riches and joys, shelter and food, heat and clothing are temptations that that allure a person to fall into the rattrap of the world exactly as the bait of cheese and pork attract a rat to fall into the rattrap. Once someone takes the bait, the world closes in on him and then everything is lost.
The peddler is tempted by the thirty kronors of the old crofter. He steals the money. Now he is afraid of being caught and moves through the woods. It is the kind, sympathetic, loving and generous treatment given by Edla Willmansson that helps him get himself free from the rattrap of the world.

Q2. Give an account of the peddler’s meeting with the old crofter. How does the peddler conduct himself? What light does this episode throw on human nature?
Ans: One dark evening the peddler reached a little gray cottage by the roadside. He knocked on the door to ask shelter for the night. The owner, an old man without wife or child, welcomed him. He was happy to get someone to talk to in his loneliness. He served him hot porridge for supper and gave him tobacco for his pipe. Then he played cards with him till bed time.
The host told the peddler that in his days of prosperity, he worked on land at Ramsjo Ironworks. Now his cow supported him. He sold her milk at the creamery everyday. He showed the peddler the thirty kronor notes he got as payment that month. Then he hung the leather pouch on a nail in the window frame. Next morning the crofter went to milk the cow, and the peddler went away. However, he returned after half an hour, broke the window pane, took the money out of the leather pouch and hang it back on the nail.This episode shows that in loneliness, human beings crave for company, for social bonding. Secondly, temptations can overpower the greatest philosopher. The peddler who calls the world a rattrap is himself tempted by thirty kronor.

Q3. How did the peddler feel after robbing the crofter? What course did he adopt and how did he react to the new situation? What does his reaction highlight?
Ans: Having robbed his generous host, the peddler felt quite pleased with his smartness. He did not feel any qualms of conscience that he had abused the confidence reposed in him by the crofter. The selfish wretch thought only of his own safety. He realised the danger of being caught by the police with the stolen thirty kronor on his person. Hence, he decided to discontinue walking on the public highway and turn off the road, into the woods.
During the first few hours the woods caused him no difficulty. Later on, it became worse as it was a big and confusing forest. The paths twisted back and forth. He kept on walking but did not come to the end of the wood. He realised that he had only been walking around in the same part of the forest. The forest closed in upon him like an impenetrate prison from which he could never escape.
The reaction of the peddler highlights the predicament of human nature. Temptations lead to evil. The fruits of evil seem pleasant at first, but they deprive man of his goodness and push him into the maze of the world which holds a vice-like grip on him.

Q4. (i) ‘The blacksmiths glanced only casually and indifferently at the intruder.’ (ii)“The ironmaster did not follow the example of the blacksmiths who had hardly deigned to look at the stranger * What do these attitudes reveal? How does the forge-episode help to develop the story? What is its implication?
Ans: The blacksmiths display the typical attitude of manual workers and labourers for whom work is the first priority and parasites on human society are drags on the fruit of their labour. The master blacksmith nods a haughty consent without honouring the intruder with a single word. Evidently, he regards the tramp as insignificant.
The ironmaster, who is on his nightly round of inspection, behaves differently. He walks closely up to him and looks him over carefully. Then he removes his slouch hat to get a better view of his face. In the uncertain light of the furnace he mistakes the stranger for his old regimental comrade and requests him to go home with him. When the stranger declines the invitation, the ironmaster sends his daughter to persuade him to spend Christmas Eve with them. Thus the forge episode helps to develop the story.
The episode highlights the difference in the reactions of various persons to the same set of circumstances. This reveals the shades of human nature. It shows that even the person with best discernment may commit an error of judgement.

Q5. Bring out the contrast in the ironmaster’s attitude and behaviour towards the stranger before and after he realises his mistake.
Ans: The ironmaster is moved to see his old regimental comrade in a pitiable state. He considers it a mistake on his part to have resigned from the regiment. He insists that his old comrade will go home with him. As the stranger declines the invitation, he thinks that the man feels embarrassed because of his miserable clothing. He explains that he does not have such a fine home that he cannot show himself there. He requests the stranger to provide company to him and his daughter for Christmas. When the stranger refuses thrice, he sends his daughter, with a big fur coat to persuade him. Just before breakfast on Christmas Eve, he thinks of feeding him well and providing him same honourable piece of work.
His behaviour undergoes a U-turn when he looks at the well-groomed stranger and realises his mistake. He expresses his displeasure with a wrinkled brow and demands an explanation from the man. Though the peddler defends himself well saying he never pretended to be someone else, the ironmaster calls him dishonest and threatens to hand him over to the sheriff. When the metaphor of world being a rattrap softens him a bit, he asks the peddler to quit at once.

Q6. What impression do you form of Edla on reading the story ‘The Raitrap’ ?
Ans: Miss Edla Willmansson is the eldest daughter of the owner of the Ramsjo Ironworks. She is not pretty, but modest and quite shy. She is quite obedient and visits the forge at the behest of her father. She has a wonderful power of observation and takes quick judgement. From the stranger’s frightened looks, she concludes that he is either a thief or a runaway convict. She uses her skills of persuasion to make the stranger agree to accompany her home. Her compassionate looks, friendly manner and polite way of address help her. She tells her father that nothing about the man shows that once he was an educated man.
She believes in the spirit of Christmas and intercedes on behalf of the stranger to per suade her father to let him stay and be happy. She first makes a passionate plea and then argues that they should not chase away a person they had invited themselves and promised him Christmas cheer.
Her dejection on learning that the peddler with rattraps was a thief reflects her sensitiveness. The gift of the captain makes her happy. It is her noble action that helps a thief redeem himself. In short, she is an intelligent, affectionate and kind young girl.

Q7. Comment on the efuRng of the story ‘The Rattrap’.
Ans: The story ‘The Rattrap’ has a very beautiful ending. It helps us to realise that all is not lost for human beings who are prone to fall into the trap of material benefits. It is the protagonist of the story—the peddler with the rattraps—who coins the metaphor of the rattrap, falls
himself in it on being tempted and ultimately redeems himself by renouncing the temptation. His admission that he had been the thief, and the treatment he got as a captain, show how love and understanding can transform even a depraved soul. The story thus comes a full circle with the ending. All questions are answered and no loose tags remain hanging.
The ending also pays tribute to the goodness of humanity here exhibited through Miss Edla Willmansson. The happy ending also arouses our optimism and belief in the essential goodness of man and other human virtues. Thus it serves to inspire the readers to do noble acts.

Q8. Do you think the title of the story ‘The Rattrap’ is appropriate? Give reasons to support your answer.
Ans: The story has an appropriate and suggestive title. It at once draws our attention to the central theme—the whole world is a big rattrap. This metaphor helps us to understand the human predicament. All the good things of the world are nothing but baits to tempt a person to fall into the rattrap. Through the character of the peddler, the writer drives home the idea that most human beings are prone to fall into the trap of material benefits.
The story begins with rattraps and ends with a rattrap as a present for someone who has helped a rat to get free from’the rattrap. Even the middle of the story revolves round the rattrap. The actions of the peddler after he steals thirty kronor of the old crofter reveal the inner conflicts, tensions and lack of peace of a person who touches the bait of temptation. Renunciation of the temptation helps in redemption.Thus, we conclude that the title is apt and significant.

VALUE-BASED QUESTIONS
Q1. Honesty is considered the best policy for earning one’s bread and butter. Stealing is a sin and a punishable act. Vagabonds tend to forget this essential goodness. Elucidate the dictum in the light of the following lines:“He made them himself at odd moments, from the material he got by begging in the stores or at the big farms. But even so, the business was not especially profitable, so he had to resort to both begging and petty thievery to keep body and soul together. ”
Ans:                                                       Honest Means of Livelihood
Every human being has to earn his bread and butter. Means vary from person to person, but one has to face many obstacles and odd situations in life. These means can be fair or foul, honest or dishonest. Unfortunately, the modem man hankers after money and has become commercial-minded. People are not afraid of the Almighty. They wish to accumulate riches by hook or by crook. They have no respect for humanity and moral values. The social norms and time-tested principles bemoan somewhere in a comer. The mortals of this computer age focus only on pecuniary gains. They are desirous of becoming rich overnight. And it is sure that no one can make easy money without resorting to corruption. One should always remember that those who are honest get respect in society and feel themselves satisfied. They don’t have to feel guilty. But those who are corrupt hide themselves behind the veils when caught. A person should always be honest and sincere. The factory workers, farmers, teachers and poor artisans live an honest life and are appreciated everywhere. Freud rightly proclaimed in his letter to Wilhelm Fliess that ‘Being entirely honest with oneself is a good exercise’. A few honest men are better than numerous bad ones.

Q2. It is rightly said that the crown and glory of life is character. Alphonse Karr, a French journalist, said, “Every man has three characters: that which he shows, that which he has, and that which he thinks he has”. Substantiate the saying taking ideas from the following expressions:“…It was quite honest, either. You must admit that, and I should not be surprised if the sheriff would like to have something to say in the matter.”
Ans:

“The crown and glory of life is character
When wealth is lost, nothing is lost;
When health is lost, something is lost;
When character is lost, everything is lost”.

Charming said that the great hope of society is individual character. Character plays a pivotal role in the life of a human being. It is as significant for a man as a crown for a king. It is the glory of a man’s life. Character reflects the traits and personality of a person. A man of character retains moral strength and faces the music of life bravely. A man is judged by his character. A person who has good character is respected and honoured in society. It is often said that our lot depends on our character. One rises in life in proportion to the strength of one’s character. Character gives self-satisfaction to a person. He can lead a happy and contended life. He accumulates wealth in heaven instead of building treasures on the earth. It is only character that distinguishes man from beasts. Goethe .remarked that “Talent is nurtured in solitude; character is formed in the stormy billows of the world.

“Not in the clamor of the crowded street,
Not in the shouts and plaudits of the throng,
But is ourselves, are triumph and defeat. —Longfellow

Q3. Man is a gregarious animal. Aristotle wrote in Politics, “He who is unable to live in society, or who has no need because he is sufficient for himself, must be either a beast or a god”. Lonliness gnaws a man from within. Write an article on the topic mentioned above in your own words. You can take ideas from the following lines:“…he knocked on the door to ask shelter for the night. Nor was he refused. Instead of the sour faces which ordinarily met him, the owner, who was an old man. without wife or child, was happy to get someone to talk to in his loneliness.”
Ans:                                                    Loneliness: A Terrible Moment
Enduring loneliness requires perseverance and strength of mind. The state of alienation may depress a person. He may become insane. Everybody cannot bear the pangs of leading a lonely life. Seclusion irritates a mortal as it is known to us that man is a gregarious animal. He needs company to share his views and thoughts. It is also said that solitude is the playfield of satan. Man gets diverted and takes recourse to illegal ways. The Bible says that ‘woe to him that is alone when he falleth; for he hath not another to help him up’. An alienated person leads a miserable and pitiable life. Survival at a deserted place becomes next to impossible for a human being. Solitude gives vent to the feelings of enmity against mankind. A depressed person may go to any extent to avenge his seclusion. Solitude and melancholy are synonymous of each other. Mother Teresa has described loneliness in a fitting manner. She said, “Lonliness and the feeling of being unwanted is the most terrible poverty”. Each individual needs love, affection and company. The victims of solitude and lonliness never feel themselves gratified. They never feel themselves the part of the main stream. It breeds negativity and animosity. They become hostile towards the fellow human beings. The repercussions of loneliness are catastrophic and disastrous.

Q4. Voltaire has rightly remarked that ‘Love truth, but pardon error’. It is by forgiving that one is forgiven. Sympathy is a divine virtue. It is indispensable for a philanthropist. Elucidate the dictum taking ideas from the following expressions.
“Since you have been so nice to me all day long, as if I was a captain, I want to be nice to you, in return, as if I was a real captain—for I do not want you to be embarrassed at this Christmas season by a thief- but you can give back the money to the old man on the roadside…”
Ans: The Bible proclaims that ‘Blessed are the merciful; for they shall obtain mercy5. Love begets love and hatred begets hatred. People in this world have a reciprocal relationship. They reciprocate the thing they receive. It is a universally accepted aphorism that ‘To err is human, to forgive, divine’. Sympathy has a great power. A sympathetic person receives the blessings of the destitute whom he helps or forgives. People can’t imagine the incredible power of sympathy. A person’s kind acts and words may save many precious fives. One must not forget that those who sympathise with others get inner satisfaction. It awakens the affection of a human heart. It leaves an indelible impression even on the most rugged ’ nature. Its results are better than a king’s power. It helps a man in his endeavour to elevate his fellow human beings from a state of poverty and distress. Dr. Samuel Johnson averred that the wretched have no compassion. When a man suffers himself, it is called misery; when he suffers in the suffering of another, it is called pity. Forgiveness is, undoubtedly, a divine quality. The philanthropists should inculcate the habit of forgiving others in their character.

“Sweet mercy is nobility’s true badge—Shakespeare

More Resources for CBSE Class 12
RD Sharma class 12 Solutions
NCERT Solutions for Class 12th English Flamingo
NCERT Solutions for Class 12th English Vistas
CBSE Class 12 Accountancy
NCERT Solutions for Class 12th Maths
CBSE Class 12 Biology
CBSE Class 12 Physics
CBSE Class 12 Chemistry
CBSE Sample Papers For Class 12

NCERT Solutions Class 12 Flamingo EnglishClass 12 Vistas English

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Childhood Class 11 Questions and Answers will help you to score more marks in your CBSE board Examination.

QUESTIONS FROM TEXTBOOK SOLVED

A. Think it Out

Question 1:
Identify the stanza that talks of each of the following:
Individuality,rationalism, hypocrisy
Answer:
The stanzas that talk of each of the quality in questions are given below:

• individuality: Third stanza
• rationalism: First stanza
• hypocrisy: Second stanza

Question 2:
What according to the poem, is involved in the process of growing up?
Answer:
According to the poem, the loss of childhood is involved in the process of growing up.
This loss is compensated by some gains which come with adolescence. These are: increase in understanding, power of rationalising and discrimination as well as a sense of individuality and self-confidence.

Question 3:
What are the poet’s feelings towards childhood?
Answer:
The poet regards childhood as an important stage in the process of growing up. Childhood is a period of make-believe. Children readily accept whatever the elders say. The poet does not feel any regret or sense of loss on losing his childhood.

Question 4:
Which, do you think are the most poetic lines? Why?
Answer:
The following lines in the poem are most poetic:
It went to some forgotten place That’s hidden in an infant’s face,
That’s all I know.
These lines beautifully sum up the process of growth and the disappearance of a particular stage of life. These lines have a figurative or metaphorical meaning also. The infant’s innocent face hides many things behind its smiles. Perhaps the childhood lies hidden in some forgotten place lying buried deep inside a child’s consciousness.

MORE QUESTIONS SOLVED

A. Short Answer Type Questions

(Word limit: 40 words)

Question 1:
What did the speaker learn about the existence of Heaven and Hell ?
Answer:
As the speaker grew to be mature, he acquired reasoning power. He realized that Hell and Heaven could not be found in Geography books or Atlas. Since they could not be located anywhere in the world map, he concluded that they did not exist. He would believe only what he could see and find.

Question 2:
How did the speaker realise the hypocrisy of the adults?
Answer:
The speaker noticed a wide gulf between what adults appeared to be and what they actually were in real life. There was apparent contradiction between their words and deeds. They talked of love and advised others to love, but they never acted lovingly.

Question 3:
How did the realization of being the master of his own mind helped him ?
Answer:
The realization that he was the master of his own mind, and could use it in any way he liked, filled him with self confidence. He could now think independently and need not repeat parrot like thoughts of others.

B. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1:
‘Childhood is an essential state in the process of growing up, but it can’t go on forever.” Discuss.
Answer:
Childhood is an important stage in the process of growing up of every person. The human infant is totally dependent on others, but during childhood he gains physical, emotional and mental strength. As the tiny baby grows bigger in size, other faculties also develop. This stage is an important landmark in man’s growth, but it can’t go on forever.
Childhood being a stage, must give way to another stage. It is followed by adolescence or early youth. Now all the faculties are fully developed. The person acquires reasoning power. His rationalism helps him to decide truth or falsehood, fact and fiction. He acquires a fine capability of analysis and discrimination. Now he can see through persons and things. He begins to understand the hypocrisy of adults. He gains confidence and becomes an independent thinker.

More Resources For Class 11
RD Sharma Class 11 Solutions
CBSE Class 11 Maths NCERT Solutions
CBSE Class 11 Physics NCERT Solutions
CBSE Class 11 Chemistry NCERT Solutions
CBSE Class 11 Biology NCERT Solutions
CBSE Class 11 Business studies NCERT Solutions
CBSE Class 11 Accountancy NCERT Solutions
CBSE Class 11 English NCERT Solutions

Woven Words Short StoriesWoven Words EssayWoven Words PoetrySnapshotsHornbill

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Invitation
To invite someone for an occasion, we use the written form Invitation.
Invitations are generally printed cards through which we invite our guests on some auspicious occasions like wedding, birthday, wedding anniversary, house warming, the inauguration of a shop/factory, etc.

Invitations are of two types:
(a) Formal and
(b) Informal.

These can be printed on cards or can be drafted in the form of letters.

Main Characteristics:
An invitation is a complete information. It answers the questions: who, whom, when, where, what time and for what. The important components of an invitation, therefore, are:

• Occasion
• Name(s) of the invitee(s)
• Name(s) of the host(s)
• Date, time and venue.
• Name(s) of the chief guest or special invitees, in case of an official invitation.

Format of Formal Invitations:
In case of formal invitations, each of the following is written in a separate line with fonts of varying sizes.

• Names of the hosts
• Name of the invitee (in case of a formal letter of invitation)
• Formal phrase of invitation, for example:
  Request the pleasure your benign presence/company Seek your auspicious presence
  Solicit your gracious presence on the auspicious occasion
• Date, time and venue of the event
• Occasion/ reason of the invitation.

Characteristics of Formal Invitations:
1. Meant for a lot of invitees:

• These are written in the third person
• In case a VIP is invited as the chief guest, the name of the VIP must appear prominently.
• Name of the invitee is not to be included. The addressee’s address is to be written only on the envelope.
• Simple present tense is to be used.
• The date of writing is not to be given.
• There is no signature of the host.
• The abbreviation RSVP (French: repondez silvers plait) i.e. ‘Please reply’ is written below on the left side with name(s), address and phone number of the host(s).
• Put the invitation into a box.
• Do not exceed 50 words.

2. Meant for an individual (a formal letter of invitation)

• Include the name of the invitee.
• These are to be written on run-on lines. The sentence is not broken into different words/phrases.
• Other details are similar to the mass-scale invitations.

Writing Informal Invitations:
Informal

• Written in a letter form, in an informal format. Such letters are very persuasive in nature.
• Written in the first person.
• Salutation is ‘dear + name’.
• Complimentary close ‘Yours sincerely’.
• Date of writing the invitation is given.
• Sender’s address appears on the left-hand side.
• Various tenses used to suit the sense.

Replies

Replies Accepting or Declining
Formal Follow a set formula:

• formal words: ‘kind invitation’, ‘great pleasure’, ‘regret’, etc.
• Use third person (‘they’) instead of first person (T, ‘We’)
• Address of the writer and the date to be written.

Informal – Accepting or Declining

• Like an ordinary letter
• Do not use any formal expressions, but use informal words and expressions
• Use first person (‘I’, ‘We’).

Previous Years’ CBSE Examination Questions

Invitation Format Examples

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
As Secretary of the Literary Club of St. Anne’s School, Ahmedabad, draft a formal invitation in not more than 50 words for the inauguration of the club in your school. (Delhi 2009)
Answer:

Question 2.
The literary club of your school is putting up the play ‘Waiting for Godot’. As secretary of the club, draft an invitation inviting the famous writer Sudeesh Gupta to be the guest of honour at the function. Write the invitation in not more than 50 words. You are Govind/Gauri. (All India 2014)
Answer:

Question 3.
As the principal of a reputed college, you have been invited to inaugurate a Book Exhibition in your neighbourhood. Draft a reply to the invitation in not more than 50 words, expressing your inability to attend the function. You are Tarun/Tanvi. (All India 2014)
Answer:

Question 4.
You have received an invitation to be the judge for a literary competition in St. Ann’s School. Send a reply in not more than 50 words, confirming your acceptance. You are Mohan/Mohini. (All India)
Answer:

Question 5.
Sunrise Global School, Agra is going to organize a one-act play competition in the school auditorium. You have decided to invite noted stage artiste, Nalini to grace the occasion. Draft a formal invitation for her in about 50 words. You are Karuna/Karan, Cultural Secretary. (Delhi 2016)
Answer:

Question 6.
On 30th November your school is going to hold its annual sports day. You want Mr. Dhanraj Pillai, a noted hockey player to give away the prizes to the budding sportspersons of the school. Write a formal invitation in about 50 words requesting him to grace the occasion. You are Karun^/Karan, Sports Secretary, Sunrise Global School, Agra. (All India)
Answer:

Question 7.
Your friend, P.V. Sathish, has invited you to attend the wedding of his sister, Jaya. You find that you have an important paper of pre-board examination on the day of the wedding. Thus you cannot attend the event. Write in about 50 words a formal reply to the invitation expressing your regret. You are PuneeV Puneeta Vij, M 114, Fort Road, Chennai. (All India 2017)
Answer:

Important Questions for Class 12 English

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Students can read Madam Rides The Bus Question Answer Class 10 English First Flight Chapter 9.

Oral Comprehension Check
Page 119

Question 1.
What was Valli’s favourite pastime?
Answer:
Valli’s favourite pastime was standing in the front doorway of her house and looking at the street outside.

Question 2.
What was the source of unending joy for Valli? What was her strongest desire?
Answer:
The sight of the bus that travelled between her village and the nearest town, filled each time with a new set of passengers, was a source of unending joy for Valli. Her strongest desire was to ride the bus.

More Resources for CBSE Class 10

• NCERT Solutions
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Hindi
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Sanskrit
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Foundation of IT
• RD Sharma Class 10 Solutions

Question 3.
What did Valli find out about the bus journey? How did she find these details?
Answer:
Valli found out that the bus journey to the town took 45 minutes and the one-way fare costed 30 paisa. She listened carefully to the conversations between her neighbours and people who regularly used the bus and asked a few discreet questions here and there. This way she picked up various small details about the bus journey.

Question 4.
What do you think Valli was planning to do?
Answer:
Valli was planning to go to the town and then return back by the same bus. The fare was 30 paise one way and the ride took forty five minutes. In this way, she planned that she would be back by 2:45 pm if shf took the bus at 1:00 pm.

Page 122
Question 1.
Why does the conductor call Valli ‘madam’?
Answer:
The conductor called Valli ‘madam’ because she behaved like a woman. She declined his help and was very quick in her answers to the conductor’s questions. This made the conductor call him madam.

Question 2.
Why does Valli stand up on the seat?
(or)
What does she see now?
Answer:
Valli wanted to look outside the bus. She found her view blocked by the canvas blind that covered the lower part of the window. In order to have a better view she stood up on the seat and peered over the blind. She saw a canal, palm trees, grassland, mountains, green fields and the sky.

Question 3.
What does Valli tell the elderly man when he calls her a child?
Answer:
Valli replied that there was nobody in the bus who was a child. She told her that she had paid her fare of 30 paise like

Question 4.
Why didn’t Valli want to make friends with the elderly woman?
Answer:
Valli did not wanted to make friends with the elderly woman because she looked quite repulsive. She had big earholes and was wearing ugly earrings. Apart from this, she was chewing betel and her mouth was also filled with betel juice.

Page 125

Question 1.
How did Valli save money for her first journey?\Was it easy for her?
Answer:
Valli had very painstakingly saved every stray coins that came her way by resisting every temptation to buy peppermints, toys, balloons, etc. It had been very difficult for her. Even at the village fair she resisted the temptation to be on the merry-go-round. Thus, she had been able to save sixty paise for her first bus journey.

Question 2.
What did Valli see on her way that made her laugh?
Answer:
Valli saw a young cow, tail high in the air running very fast right in the middle of the road in front of the bus. The driver sounded his horn again and again so that the cow moves away. But the more he honked, the more frightened the animal became and faster it galloped. This all seemed very funny to Valli and she laughed and laughed till there were tears in her eyes.

Question 3.
Why didn’t she get off the bus at the bus station?
Answer:
Valli had planned that she only wanted to ride on the bus. She would spend thirty paise on her fare, go to the town and then come back by the same bus before her mother woke up. She didn’t 1 time or money to go to see the town.

Question 4.
Why didn’t Valli want go to the stall have a drink? What does this tell yo about her?
Answer:
Valli had saved only sixty paise for the trip.
She didn’t want to waste any money on the as she had to come back by the same bus at any cost. So, when the conductor suggested her to get down and have a drink she refused. He offet bring one for her but she still refused. This i that she was a well-mannered girl.

Thinking About The Text
(Page 127)

Question 1.
What was Valli’s deepest desire? Find the words and phrases in the story that tell you this.
Answer:
Valli’s deepest desire was to go on a bus ride. The words and phrases in the story that tell this are ‘source of unending joy’, ‘stare wistfully’, and ‘kindle in her longings, dreams and hopes’.

Question 2.
How did Valli plan her bus ride? What did she find out about the bus, and how did she save up the fare?
Answer:
Over many days and months, Valli listened carefully to conversations between her neighbours and people who regularly used the bus and asked a few discreet questions here and there. She came to know that the town was six miles from her village, the bus fare was thirty paise and the bus trip took forty-five minutes. She also thought that if she stayed in the bus and came back by the same bus it would only cost her sixty paise. She painstaking saved each and every penny she got, resisting all temptation to buy peppermints, toys, etc and even a ride on the merry-go-round at the village annual fair so as to save sixty paise. It was a secret trip which she had planned without the knowledge of her parents.

Question 3.
What kind of person is Valli? To answer this question, pick out the following sentences from the text and fill in the blanks. The words you fill in are the clues to your answer.
Answer:
Valli was a confident girl who did not think that her age was a limitation to her travelling alone to the town. She considered herself a grown up and acted like one.

Question 4.
Why does the conductor refer to Valli as ‘Madam’?
Answer:
The conductor called Valli ‘Madam’ as she behaved like a grown up and did not think that she was a child. She also refused his help and told him that she can manage on her own.

Question 5.
Find the lines in the text which tell you that Valli was enjoying her ride on the bus.
Answer:
Valli thoroughly enjoyed her ride in the bus. The following lines from the text tell us about it. She saw so many things on her way-a canal, palm trees, grasslands, distant mountains. “Oh! it was all so wonderful,” that’s what she felt. “Sometimes the bus seemed on the point of gobbling up another vehicle that was coming towards them or a pedestrian crossing the road. Somehow it passed smoothly, leaving all obstacles behind and then she saw a cow running very fast, infront of the bus. This all seemed very funny ro Valli and she laughed and laughed till tears flowed from her eyes.”

Question 6.
Why does Valli refuse to look out of the window on her way back?
Answer:
Valli refused to look out of the window on her way back as she saw the dead body of the cow who was running towards the bus when she was going to town. This made her sad and frightened.

Question 7.
What does Valli means when she says… “I was just agreeing with you what you said about things happening without our knowledge”.
Answer:
While making this statement, Valli was trying to hide the fact about her bus ride. She was also feeling elated at making a successful attempt at her plan.

Question 8.
The author describes the things that Valli sees from an 8 years old’s point of view. Can you find evidence from the text for his statement?
Answer:
Yes, for example when the author says, ‘she was fascinated by the bus’ and ‘watching the bus fill with a new set of people each time was a source of unending joy for her’. When the author describes the bus, he stresses on the colour and look of the new bus ‘like silver’ because a child is attracted towards colour. ‘The seats were soft and luxurious’. The description that the author gives when Valli looked outside are also typical of a 8 year old. ‘The blue sky’ and ‘acres and acres of green field’, show the enthusiasm a child. A cow running in front of the bus fascinated the child whereas the sight of dead cow brought tears in her eyes and she refused to look outside the window on her return journey. This’also describes the behaviour of an 8 year old child aptly.

Writing
(Page 128)

Question 1.
Have you ever planned something entirely on.your own, without taking grown ups into your confidence? What did you plan and how? Did you carry out your plan?
Answer:
It was during my summer vacations. I wanted to plan a special birthday for my mother. So, I roped in my younger sister in my plan to celebrate her birthday. We saved our pocket money and didn’t go for our weekly outings for some time. In this way, we were able to save five hundred rupees for the birthday party. Now, we had to arrange everything without our mother’s knowledge. On her birthday we pretended as if we didn’t remember her birthday at all. Instead we requested our father to take her to the market. In the meantime, we arranged everything like cake, decorations, flowers and even invited two of her best friends. When she came back she was surprised. It was the best birthday she ever had in her life.

Question 2.
Have you made a journey that was unforgettable in some way? What made it memorable?
Answer:
I have gone on many trips and excursions, but one journey which I can’t forget is my trip to Hemkund and Badrinath. The scenery over there was mesmerising and as you leave Delhi, you enjoy cool fresh air and see breath taking lush green fields. The bus ride takes you on winding narrow roads, with river flowing on one side and mountains on the other side. To reach Hemkund Sahib, one has to travel 14 kms by foot. Everywhere there are crowds of devotees, chanting holy names and moving up the hill. When I reached the shrine, it was enveloped in clouds. The water in the holy tank was ice cold. The moment you step in it your tiredness vanishes. After that we went to Badrinath by bus. It was also a very nice place. There were many hot springs over there.

Question 3.
Are you concerned about traffic and road safety? What are you concerns? How would you make road travel safer and more enjoyable?
Answer:
India has a wide network of roads. Everyday crores of Indians travel on these road by bus, car, cycle, cycle rickshaw, scooter, moped, truck, etc. Even pedestrians use these roads. As people don’t follow road safety rules, every year many people lose their lives due to fatal road accidents. It is also seen that 90 per cent of these fatal accidents involve youngsters who like to drive at very high speed, don’t wear helmets and seat belt, talk on mobiles while driving or love to do stunts inspired by movies. Despite many directions issued by the traffic police all their advice falls on deaf year. It is our duty to follow all the rules and regulations and to keep safety measures in our mind while driving. Safe driving is best driving and the rules are framed keeping our security in mind:

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Keeping Quiet Questions And Answers Class 12 Flamingo English

​NCERT SolutionsMathsPhysicsChemistryBiologyScience​

IMPORTANT STANZAS FOR COMPREHENSION

Read the stanzas given below and answer the questions that follow each:
1.Now we will count to twelve and we will all keep still.
Questions
(a)Name the poem and the poet of these lines.
(b)Why does the poet ask us to count to twelve?
(c)Why does the poet ask us to keep still?
(d) Find words from the passage which mean.
(ii) say number (iii) quiet and motionless.
Answers:
(a)The name of the poem is Keeping Quiet. The name of the poet is Pablo Neruda.
(b)There are only twelve signs on the clock to measure hours. Therefore, the poet asks us to count till the clock measures these horns.
(c)Too much activity and rush has only brought misfortunes to mankind. Hence, it is better to be quiet and still.
(d) (i) count (ii) still

2. For once on the face of the Earth let’s not speak in any language, let’s stop for one second,
and not move our arms so much.
Questions
(a)Name the poem and the poet of these lines.
(b)‘Let’s not speak in any language’, says the poet. Why?
(c)What should we not do for a second?
(d) What do you understand by ‘the face of the Earth ?
Answers:
(a)The name of the poem is Keeping Quiet. The poet is Pablo Neruda.
(b)The people of the world have been indulging in wars and bloodsheds on minor excuses. If they keep quiet, they may not indulge in reasoning, disputes and quarrels. So, let them keep quiet and not speak in any language. This will ensure peace and prosperity.
(c)We should cease all activities for a second. Man has used his arms only to kill and destroy others. Therefore, let them not move their arms so much as to harm others.
(d) The expression “the face of the Earth’ refers to the various countries on the surface of the earth.

3.It would be an exotic moment without rush, without engines, we would all be together
in a sudden strangeness.
Questions
(a)Name the poem and the poet of these lines.
(b)What will happen if there is no rush or running of engines?
(c)What sort of moment will it be?
(d)How would all of us feel at that moment?
Answers:
(a)The name of the poem is Keeping Quiet. The poet is Pablo Neruda.
(b)There will be peace all around if there is no rush or the sound of the running of engines and machines.
(c)It will be a very enticing and beautiful moment.
(d) All of us will enjoy the unusualness and sudden strangeness of that moment.

4. Fishermen in the cold sea would not harm whales and the man gathering salt
would look at his hurt hands.
Questions
(a)What do fishermen usually do in the cold sea?
(b)What does the poet ask fishermen not to do?
(c)What has happened to the man gathering salt?
(d) What should the man gathering salt do?
Answers:
(a)Fishermen usually catch fish, particularly whales, in the cold seas.
(b)The poet asks fishermen not to hurt or injure the whales in the seas.
(c)The man gathering salt has injured his hands.
(d)He must take care of his hurt hands.

5. Those who prepare green wars,
wars with gas, wars with fire,
victory with no survivors,
would put on clean clothes
and walk about with their
brothers
in the shade, doing nothing.
Questions
(a)Name the poem and the poet of these lines.
(b)What sort of wars are mentioned in the above lines?
(c)What kind of victory will it be?
(d) How should the lovers of war behave?
Answers:
(а)The name of the poem is Keeping Quiet. The poet is Pablo Neruda.
(b)Green wars, wars with poisonous gases and wars with the fire are the different kinds of wars.
(c) It will be a victory where no survivors will be left to celebrate it. Such a victory will be meaningless.
(d) They should put on clean clothes and walk with their brothers under the trees leisurely doing nothing.

6.What I want should not be confused
with total inactivity. i Life is what it is about;
I want no truck with death.
If we were not so single-minded
about keeping our lives moving,
and for once could do nothing,
perhaps a huge silence
might interrupt this sadness of never understanding ourselves and of threatening ourselves with
death.
Questions
(a)What does the poet want? What should it not be confused with?
(b)Explain: 7 want no truck with death’.
(c)What do people pursue single-mindedly? Which is the better course the poet suggests?
(d)When can a huge silence do us good?
Answers:
(а)The poet is advocating for silence or stillness. Stillness should not be confused with total inactivity.
(b)Total inactivity brings death. The poet refuses to associate (or deal) with death. Thus, he is not advocating for death.
(c)People pursue single-mindedly on keeping their lives moving. ..The poet suggests that it would be better if they give themselves rest for sometime. For once they may do nothing.
(d)A huge silence can do us a lot of good when we are disappointed at not understanding ourselves or threatening ourselves with death.

7. Perhaps the Earth can teach us as when everything seems dead and later proves to be alive.
Now I’ll count up to twelve
and you keep quiet and I will go.
Questions
(a)What can the Earth teach us?
(b)What remains alive when everything seems dead?
(c)Who is the poet? What does he want to do?
(d)What does the poet ask us to do?
Answers:
‘(a) The earth can teach us a lesson how to live on it.
(b)Only the earth remains alive when everything seems dead.
(c) The poet is Pablo Neruda. He wants to count upto twelve.
(d) He asks us to keep quiet while he is counting upto twelve.

QUESTIONS FROM TEXTBOOK SOLVED

Q1. What will counting up to twelve and keeping still help us achieve?
Ans: Counting up to twelve takes very short time. Keeping still for this brief interval of time gives us a momentary pause to introspect and review the course of action. It is generally observed that most of the ills and troubles of the world are caused by our rush or hurry. Violence is caused by anger. Keeping quiet and still will give us necessary respite and ensure peace.

Q2. Do you think the poet advocates total inactivity and death?
Ans: No, he doesn’t advocate either total inactivity or death. He makes it quite clear that ‘stillness’ should not be confused with “total inactivity or equated to it. Total inactivity brings death. But Neruda has ‘no truck with death’. His stillness means halting of harmful and hostile human activities.

Q3. What is the ‘sadness’ that the poet refers to in the poem? [All India 2014]
Ans: Man’s sadness is formed out of his own actions and thoughts. It is quite ironical that man who understands so much fails to understand himself and his action. Rash actions prove harmful and disastruous. Man is the creator of all disasters. He is always threatening himself with death because of his thoughts and actions. This is the tragedy of his life.

Q4. What symbol from Nature does the poet invoke to say that there can be life under apparent stillness?
Ans: The poet wants to prove that there can be life under apparent stillness. The poet invokes the earth as a living symbol to prove his point. The earth never attains total inactivity. Nature remains at work all the time even under apparent stillness. It keeps earth alive. This idea is beautifully illustrated by the following lines:“as when everything seems dead and later proves to he alive.”

Q5. Choose a quiet corner and keep still physically and mentally for about five minutes. Do you feel any change in your state of mind?
Ans: Extension Activity: For self-study.

MORE QUESTIONS SOLVED

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (Word Limit: 30-40 words)
Q1. Why does Pablo Neruda urge us to keep still?
Ans: Stillness is essential for calm reflection and quiet introspection. We hear the voice of conscience in moments of silence. The poet is convinced that most of human ills and miseries are caused by man’s hurry and rush to do things. The poet wishes that we may withdraw ourselves from our undesirable actions and keep still for a moment.

Q2. Why shouldn’t we “speak in any language” and “not move our arms so much”?
Ans: People of the world speak in different languages. They indulge in unnecessary debates and disputes. Most of these arguments lead to destructive wars. The poet urges people to stop speaking in any language. They must speak through their hearts. So far men have moved their arms only to harm others. Therefore, the poet wants that they should not move their arms so much. Let these arms rest for once. Let a feeling of mutual understanding , be created among human beings.

Q3. Pablo Neruda says:“we would all be together in a sudden strangeness.”
When can we experience such a moment? Why will that be an exotic moment?
Ans: Non-stop activity, unnecessary rush and noise have made our lives unpleasant and full of misery, pain and troubles. We must stop rushing, hurrying, worrying and running. Even the noise of engines and machines must stop for once. Then all of us will enjoy the sudden strangeness of that moment. It will be a unique moment. In that exotic or fascinating moment we shall feel totally relaxed, physically as well as mentally.

Q4. What does the poet ask the fisherman and the man collecting salt to dot What docs In-exactly want to convey by this?
Ans: Pablo Neruda is against any kind of violence. He addresses the fishermen and asks them not to harm whales living in the cold seas of the polar regions. He is also against any kind of self torturing. The man who is gathering salt has hint his hands. He asks this man to look after himself and take care of his injured hands.

Q5. What are the different kinds of war mentioned towards war?
Ans: The poet is against wars of all kinds. He wants a total stoppage of war. Green wars against the environment, wars with poisonous gases and wars with fire must be terminated (stopped) at once.

Q6. What alternative does Pablo Neruda suggest instead of indulging in wars?
Ans: Instead of indulging in wars, the people must come out in their best dresses with then- brothers. They should go out for a walk under the shady trees and enjoy themselves doing nothing. This would bring the feeling of togetherness among them.

Q7. How does the poet distinguish ‘stillness’ from ‘total inactivity’? Why does Neruda saw I want no truck with death?
Ans: Pablo Neruda is in favour of stillness or silence. We remain still and quiet for sometime. On the other hand, total inactivity is a permanent suspension of work. It is just like death. ‘Stillness’ should not be Confused with ‘total inactivity’. Life goes on as usual. There can’t be anything like total inactivity. The poet refuses to associate with death or deal with it.

Q8. Why does the poet fee! that we should not be so single-minded’?
Ans: People are generally single-minded. They want to focus on only one thing. They want to keep their lives going. They are ever busy in their pursuit. The poet wishes that they would not be so much absorbed with always remaining on the move. They must have some respite or rest. They too need peace or silence.

Q9.Why do men become sad? How can this sadness be overcome?
Ans: Men fail to understand themselves. They are always threatening themselves with death. When they realise their failure to understand themselves they become sad or helpless. Fear of death also makes them sad. Only a huge silence’ can interrupt this sadness. Such silence will do them good.

Q10. How might a huge silence interrupt the sadness of men?
Ans: Men never understand themselves. Nor are they ever sure of their actions. They face another tragedy. Due to their own actions, they are threatening themselves with death. This realisation makes them helpless and sad. Only a huge (long) silence might interrupt this sadness and do them some good.

Q11. Under the apparent stillness there is life. Justify this statement giving an example from the poem ‘Keeping Quiet’.
Ans: Neruda does not equate stillness with total inactivity. He believes that under this apparent stillness there is life. We can learn it from the earth. When everything seems dead, the earth still remains alive. The earth is never dead. The life on the earth goes on as usual under the apparent stillness.

Q12. Justify the title ‘Keeping Quiet’.
Ans: The title of the poem is quite appropriate and logical. It suggests the necessity of quiet introspection. The people of the world are overactive and always on the move. Their activities have caused untold troubles and sufferings. Keeping quiet will do them a lot of good. It will save them from many harmful and violent activities. Moreover, it will help in reflecting over the fate of man and help in creating a feeling of mutual understanding among human beings.

Q13. Which is the exotic moment that the poet refers to in ‘Keeping Quiet’:[Delhi 201]
Ans: The poet talks about the exotic moment when everyone keeps quiet. There will be no rush for a second. The machines must stop for a moment. That moment will be fascinating for all of us. All of us shall enjoy the sudden strangeness of the moment together.

More Resources for CBSE Class 12
RD Sharma class 12 Solutions
NCERT Solutions for Class 12th English Flamingo
NCERT Solutions for Class 12th English Vistas
CBSE Class 12 Accountancy
NCERT Solutions for Class 12th Maths
CBSE Class 12 Biology
CBSE Class 12 Physics
CBSE Class 12 Chemistry
CBSE Sample Papers For Class 12

NCERT Solutions Class 12 Flamingo EnglishClass 12 Vistas English

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CBSE Class 7 English Message Writing

Question 1.
You are Ram. This morning you received a call from Mr. Mohan, your father’s friend. Your father was out. Mr. Mohan asked you to convey to your father that he was in fever and not in a position to go to the office today. He has asked your father to inform the Managing Director about it. Write the message for your father.
Answer:

Message

10th June, 2016

10 a.m.

Dear Father
This morning one Mr. Mohan called upon you when you were out. He has left a message for you that he won’t go to office today. He is in fever. He has requested you to inform the Managing Director on his behalf and get the leave granted. He will submit the leave application when he goes to the office.
Ram

Question 2.
Read the following conversation carefully.
Ram: I am Ram, a friend of Mohan. Where is he ?
Sohan: He has gone to the market. Can I help you please ?
Ram: Oh, Sure. Please convey to him that today’s music classes shall remain suspended because the teacher is not well. The same will be held on Sunday. Could you please pass this message to him ?
Sohan: Oh ! Sure.
Ram: Thank you.
As Sohan is going to his tuition classes he needs to write the message for Mohan.
Write the message on his behalf.
Answer:

Message

1st June, 2016

10 a.m.

Dear Mohan
Today your friend Ram called upon you when you had been to the market. He said that your music classes shall remain suspended because your teacher is not well. The same will be held on Sunday.
Sohan

Question 3.
Sashi had the following conversation with Ajith, a friend of his elder brother :
Ajith : May I speak to Rohan, please ? I am Ajith, his friend.
Sashi : Rohan is not at home. I am Sashi his brother. Can I do anything for you ?
Ajith : I have to inform something to him.
Sashi : Please tell me. I will inform him.
Ajith : Yesterday, we had decided to meet at 5 p.m. in Colony’s park. So please remind him.
Sashi : Sure, I will inform him when he comes back.
As Sashi had to leave for his tuition classes, write the message on his behalf.
Answer:

Message

10 June, 2016

10 a.m.

Brother
Ajith had called upon you when you had been to market. He has left a message to remind you about your meeting with him at 5 p.m. in Colony’s Park. Don’t forget it, please.
Sashi

Question 4.
Read the following telephone conversation between Geetha and Sonum Sonum is about to leave home and will not be able to meet Rohit. She leaves a message for him. Write that message, using not more than 50 words.
Geetha: It is Geetha here. Sonum, you know India International Trade Fair 2017 is on. I plan to visit it today.
Sonum: Oh ! it is a wonderful idea. But why not make it tomorrow ?
Geetha: No. Tomorrow I am busy. Let’s make it today. Surinder is coming with me. You bring Rohit with you.
Sonum: He is not at home at present. But rest assured, he will be happy to be with us. He expressed a desire to visit it earlier.
Geetha: Then it is settled. Please wait for us at Gate No. 3 at 1.30 pm today. In case, you reach earlier, please wait for us. If we reach earlier, we shall look for you.
Sonum: Fine. It shall be all right. We shall reach in time.
Geetha: All right. Bye till then.
Sonum: Bye.
Answer:

Message

February 3, 2017
Rohit
We are visiting India International Trade Fair 2017 today. Geetha and Surinder shall wait for us at 1.30 pm today at Gate No. 3. I shall be back from office at 12 noon to go there together. Please wait till then. I shall tell | you everything.
—Sonum

Question 5.
Write a message to be left at the desk of Anu about a telephone received for her when she was away. Write the message in about 50 words.
Karan: Hello. Is it 23319167 ? Could I talk to Anu ? Annu Malik who works in purchase section ?
Receptionist: That’s right. But I’m afraid Anu, Miss Annu Malik has not yet arrived.
Karan: Could you convey to her that her mother is quite serious in Chandigarh and she should leave for Chandigarh immediately ? She is in the state of coma.
Receptionist: So sad. Anything else that I must convey.
Karan: Yes, that she should carry sufficient clothes. You never know about a patient in coma. I’m sure you will do this favour. Could you trace her ?
Receptionist: Yes. I’ll. I can understand the urgency. I pray for her recovery. Bye. By the way whom was I talking to ?
Karan: Karan, Karan Bhatia, her next door neighbour in Chandigarh.
Answer:

Message

14 December, 20xx
Miss Annu Malik,
When you were away a telephone from Karan Bhatia, your neighbour in Chandigarh, came to me at the reception. I regret to inform you that your mother is in coma. Reach Chandigarh at once, with sufficient clothes.
Receptionist .

Question 6.
Read the following telephone conversation that took place when Rama answered the phone at Future Knowledge Encyclopaedias and Reference books. Write the message that Rama leaves for Mr. Debu using not more than 50 words.
Mr. Murli: Hello, This is Mr. Murli from Madras. May I speak to Mr. Debu please ?
Rama: Mr. Debu is not in at the moment. May I take a message for him ?
Mr. Murli: Please convey my thanks to him. I have just received the encyclopaedia I ordered. The last payment would reach him tomorrow. I would also like some information on the latest reference books in Geography.
Rama: I’ll make sure he gets that message, Mr. Murli.
Mr. Murli: Thank you.
Answer:

Message

March 3, 20xx
Mr. Debu
Mr. Murli telephoned to you from Madras. He wanted to thank you as he has received the encyclopaedia ordered by him and assured that the last payment would reach you by tomorrow. He would also like to get some information on the latest reference books in Geography.
—Rama

We hope the CBSE Class 7 English Message Writing help you. If you have any query regarding CBSE Class 7 English Message Writing, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

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Notice is a written or printed information or news announcement. Notices are either displayed at prominent places or published in newspapers/ magazines. It is meant only for a select group. Since a notice contains a formal announcement or information, its tone and style is formal and factual. Its language should be simple and formal. Notice is always brief and to the point.

Important Tips to be followed while writing a Notice

• Adhere to the specified word limit of 50 words.
• Write the word NOTICE at the top.
• Name and place of the school, organisation or office issuing the notice should be mentioned.
• Give an appropriate heading.
• Write the date of issuing the notice.
• Clearly mention the target group (for whom the notice is to be displayed).
• Purpose of the notice.
• Mention all the relevant details (date, venue, time).
• Signature, name and designation of the person issuing the notice.
• Put the notice in a box.

Notice Format CBSE Class 12

A NOTICE is always written in a box.

Marking Scheme of Notice
format title (Notice/Heading/Place/Date/Signature with Name and Designation) 1 mark
Contents
(a) Where?
(b) When
(c) Target group
(d) Agenda
(All within 50 words) 2 marks
ExpressionCoherence, spellings and grammatical accuracy 2 marks

Notice Writing Exercises Previous Years CBSE Examination Questions

Short Answer Type Questions

Format of Notice Writing For Class 12 Question 1.
As Principal of Sardar Patel Vidyalaya, Lucknow, draft notice in not more than 50 words informing students of the change in school timings with effect from the 1st of October. State valid reasons for the change. (Delhi 2009)
Answer:

Format of Notice Writing For Class 12 Question 2.
You are Secretary of the History Club of Vidya Mandir School. Draft a notice in not more than 50 words informing students of a proposed visit to some important historical sites in your city. (Delhi 2009)
Answer:

Notice Writing Examples Class 12 Question 3.
As Sports Secretary of G.D.G. Public School, Pune, draft notice in not more than 50 words for your school notice board informing the students about the sale of old sports goods of your school. You are Rohini/Rohit. (Delhi 2010)
Answer:

Notice Writing Exercises Examples Question 4.
You have found an expensive geometry box in the school playground. Draft a notice in not more than 50 words for the school notice board. You are Ra’Rani, Class XII, Angel School, Faridabad. (Delhi 2010)
Answer:

Question 5.
You are SrinivafSrinidhi of D.P. Public School, Nagpur. As Student Editor of your school magazine, draft notice in not more than 50 words for your school notice board inviting article sketches from students of all classes. (Delhi 2011)
Answer:

Question 6.
You are Secretary of Gymkhana Club, Madurai. Write a notice in not more than 50 words informing the members to attend an
an extraordinary meeting of the governing body. Include details like date, time, venue etc. Sign as PrabhufPratibha. (All India 2011)
Answer:

Question 7.
Due to a sudden landslide and inclement weather, St. Francis School, Vasco has to be closed for a week. As Principal of that school, draft notice in not more than 50 words to be displayed at the school main gate notice board. (All India 2011)
Answer:

Question 8.
You are Secretary of J.P. Narain Housing Society, R.W.A., Meerut. Draft a notice in not more than 50 words stating that the second instalment of maintenance charges falls due on 31st March 2011, and requesting the members to pay before the due date. Sign as Anil/Anita. (All India 2011)
Answer:

Question 9.
You are Scout Master/Guide Captain of K.R. Sagar Public School, Mysore. You have decided to send a troop of scouts and guides of your school to the jamboree to be held at Lucknow for a week. Draft a notice in not more than 50 words to be placed on the school notice board inviting the names of those scouts and guides who are interested to participate in the jamboree. Invent the necessary details. (All India 2011)
Answer:

Question 10.
You are Sports Secretary of Lalwani Public School, Udaipur. Draft a notice in not more than 50 words for your school notice board asking the students to give their names for participation in various events to be held on the Annual Sports Day of your school. Invent the details of the events. Sign as Lalit/Lalita. (All India 2011)
Answer:

Question 11.
Your school has planned an excursion to Lonavala near Mumbai during the autumn holidays. Write a notice in not more than 50 words for your school notice board, giving detailed information and inviting the names of those who are desirous to join. Sign as NaresfyNamita, Head Boy/Head Girl, D.V. English School, Thane, Mumbai. (Delhi 2012)
Answer:

Question 12.
You lost your Titan wrist-watch in your school. Draft a notice, in not more than 50 words, to be placed on your school notice board. You are a student of Class XII of Rani Ahalya Devi Senior Secondary School, Gwalior. Sign as Rani/Ram. (All India 2012)
Answer:

Question 13.
As Student Editor, draft notice in not more than 50 words for your school notice board inviting articles from the students for your school magazine. You are RohaiVRupini of Vasant Vihar School, Pune. (All India 2012)
Answer:

Question 14.
You are Smitha/Sunil, Secretary AVM Housing Society. You are going to organize a blood donation camp. Write a notice in not more than 50 words, urging the members of your society to come in large numbers for this noble cause. Invent all the necessary details. (Delhi 2013)
Answer:

Question 15.
You are Vineeta/Vikram, School Pupil Leader of Rani Laxmi Bai Senior Secondary School, Gwalior. Draft a notice for your school notice board in not more than 50 words inviting the names of the students who want to participate in the cultural programme organised in aid of the victims of the recent Assam floods. (All India 2013)
Answer:

Question 16.
An interschool Kabaddi Competition is organized by your school. Write a notice, in . not more than 50 words, requesting the students to be present at the venue to encourage the players. Invent all the necessary details. You are Arjun, the sports captain of your school. (Delhi 2013)
Answer:

Question 17.
You are Smrithi Saran of Victoria Public School, Hyderabad. Your school has organized a Science Exhibition in connection with the death anniversary of Ramanujam. Write a notice in not more than 50 words inviting students to participate in it. Provide all the necessary. (Delhi 2013)
Answer:

Question 18.
You are Anoop/Arya, the cultural secretary of your school. As part of the national heritage programme, the school has decided to put up a show on ancient art forms. Write a notice to be put up on the school notice board inviting students to watch the show and encourage the artists. Write the notice in not more than 50 words. (Delhi 2013)
Answer:

Question 19.
Every year in the central part of the city a flower show is held in the month of February. Your school has received a circular from the District Collector inviting your students to visit it. Write a notice in about 50 words informing the students about the show and advising them to go and enjoy it. You are Navtej/Navita, Head Boy/Head Girl, Sunrise Public School, Surat. (Delhi 2015)
Answer:

Question 20.
Sarvodaya Education Society, a charitable organisation is coming to your school to distribute books among needy students. As Head Boy/Head Girl, Sunrise Public School, Surat, write a notice in about 50 words asking such students to drop the lists of books they need in the box kept outside the Principal’s office. You are Navtej/Navita. (D) (Delhi 2015)
Answer:

Question 21.
Your club is going to organise an interclass singing competition. Write a notice in about 50 words inviting names of the students who want to participate in it. Give all the necessary details. You are Navtej /Navita, Secretary, Music Club, Akash Public School, Agra. (All India 2015)
Answer:

Question 22.
An inter-class drama competition is to be held in St. Stephens School, Visakhapatnam. As Akash, Head Boy of the school draft a notice to be put up on the notice board inviting entries. Provide all necessary information in about 50 words. (Comput. Delhi 2015)
Answer:

Question 23.
You are Amar/Amrita, Secretary, Cultural Club, Aryamba Public School, Kochi. A charity show has been arranged in your school in aid of cancer patients. Write a notice to be displayed on the school notice board informing the students of the show and asking them to cooperate and make it a success. Draft the notice in about 50 words giving all necessary details. (Comput. Delhi 2015)
Answer:

Question 24.
Water supply will be suspended for eight hours (10 am to 6 pm) on 6th of March for cleaning of the water tank. Write a notice in about 50 words advising the residents to store water for a day. You are Karan Kumar/Karuna Bajaj, Secretary, Janata Group Housing Society, Palam Vihar, Kurnool. (Delhi 2016)
Answer:

Question 25.
Yesterday, during lunch break you misplaced your notes on chemistry lectures. You want to get them back. Write a notice in about 50 words for the school notice board. You are Karuna/Karan, a student of class XII A. (All India 2016)
Answer:

Question 26.
You are Reshma/ Rajan Head Girl/Head Boy of Moonrise Public School, Chandigarh. A cooking competition is going to take place in your school. Write a notice to be displayed on the school notice board informing the students of the competition and inviting them to participate. Draft the notice in about 50 words giving all necessary details. (Comput. D 2016)
Answer:

Question 27.
As a librarian, Moonlight Public School, Surat, write a notice in about 50 words informing the students of a book exhibition which is going to be organised in your school on Teacher’s Day. (Comput. All India 2016)
Answer:

Question 28.
While walking in a park in your neighbourhood you found a small plastic bag containing some documents and some cash. Write a notice in about 50 words to be put on the park notice board asking the owner to identify and collect it from you. You are Amai/Amrita 9399123456. (Delhi 2017)
Answer:

Question 29.
After the rains cases of dengue, Chikungunya etc., are on the rise in your city. As Principal, Sunshine Public School, Manu Vihar, you have decided to allow your students to wear full sleeve shirts and trousers in the school for a period of one month. Write the notice in about 50 words. (Delhi 2017)
Answer:

Question 30.
You are Health Secretary, Students Council, Citizens Public School, Ram Bagh, Varanasi. The Council had decided to start from the second of October week-long cleanliness drive around the school. Draft a notice in about 50 words asking the Class XI students to enrol for the drive. (Delhi 2017)
Answer:

Question 31.
RJ Public School is located in a Central Government employees residential colony. Cultural Society of the school has decided to organise a fancy dress show on 25th of January in which each participant will wear the dress particular to higher region. The aim is to show the cultural diversity of India. As Secretary write a notice in about 50 words inviting the names of those who want to participate. (Delhi 2017)
Answer:

Question 32.
An NGO has approached your school to offer book grants to needy students. As Head girl of Sunshine Public School, Aram Bagh, write a notice in about 50 words asking students who are in need to put their requests into the box kept outside the Principal’s office. (Delhi 2017)
Answer:

Question 33.
The Principal, Sunshine Public School, Dindigul has invited the Inspector of Police (Traffic) to deliver a lecture on ‘Road Safety’ in her school. Draft a notice in about 50 words informing the students to assemble in the school auditorium. (All India 2017)
Answer:

Important Questions for Class 12 English

The post Notice Writing Class 12 Format, Examples, Topics, Exercises appeared first on Olympquiz.

• Words and Expressions Class 9 Solutions Unit 1
• Words and Expressions Class 9 Solutions Unit 2
• Words and Expressions Class 9 Solutions Unit 3
• Words and Expressions Class 9 Solutions Unit 4
• Words and Expressions Class 9 Solutions Unit 5
• Words and Expressions Class 9 Solutions Unit 6
• Words and Expressions Class 9 Solutions Unit 7
• Words and Expressions Class 9 Solutions Unit 8
• Words and Expressions Class 9 Solutions Unit 9
• Words and Expressions Class 9 Solutions Unit 10
• Words and Expressions Class 9 Solutions Unit 11

Class 9 English Literature Reader

• Chapter 1 How I Taught My Grandmother to Read
• Chapter 2 A Dog Named Duke
• Chapter 3 The Man Who Knew Too Much
• Chapter 4 Keeping It From Harold
• Chapter 5 Best Seller
• Chapter 6 The Brook
• Chapter 7 The Road Not Taken
• Chapter 8 The Solitary Reaper
• Chapter 9 Lord Ullin’s Daughter
• Chapter 10 The Seven Ages
• Chapter 11 Oh, I Wish I’d Looked After Me Teeth
• Chapter 12 Song of the Rain
• Chapter 13 Villa for Sale
• Chapter 14 The Bishop’s Candlesticks

Class 9 English Beehive (Prose)

• Chapter 1 The Fun They Had
• Chapter 2 The Sound of Music
• Chapter 3 The Little Girl
• Chapter 4 A Truly Beautiful Mind
• Chapter 5 The Snake and The Mirror
• Chapter 6 My Childhood
• Chapter 7 Packing
• Chapter 8 Reach for the Top
• Chapter 9 The Bond of Love
• Chapter 10 Kathmandu
• Chapter 11 If I Were You

Class 9 English Beehive (Poem)

• Chapter 1 The Road Not Taken [Poem]
• Chapter 2 Wind [Poem]
• Chapter 3 Rain On The Roof [Poem]
• Chapter 4 The Lake Isle Of Innisfree [Poem]
• Chapter 5 A Legend Of The Northland [Poem]
• Chapter 6 No Men Are Foreign [Poem]
• Chapter 7 The Duck and the Kangaroo [Poem]
• Chapter 8 On Killing A Tree [Poem]
• Chapter 9 The Snake Trying [Poem]
• Chapter 10 A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal [Poem]

Class 9 English Moments

• Chapter 1 The Lost Child
• Chapter 2 The Adventure Of Toto
• Chapter 3 Iswaran The Storyteller
• Chapter 4 In The Kingdom Of Fools
• Chapter 5 The Happy Prince
• Chapter 6 Weathering The Storm In Ersama
• Chapter 7 The Last Leaf
• Chapter 8 A House Is Not A Home
• Chapter 9 The Accidental Tourist
• Chapter 10 The Beggar

Class 9 English Extended Reading Texts / Novels

1. Gulliver’s Travels (Part I to IV)

• Summary of the Novel
• Part I – A Voyage to Lilliput
• Part II – A Voyage to Brobdingnag
• Part III – A Voyage to Laputa, Balnibarbi, Luggnagg, Glubbdubdrib and Japan
• Part IV – A Voyage to the Country of Houyhnhnms
• Chapter-wise Summary
• Text – Based Important Questions Solved

2. Three Men in a Boat (Chapters 1 to 19)

• Introduction
• Summary of the Novel
• Chapter-wise Summary
• Text – Based Important Questions Solved

Class 9 English Main Course Book

Unit 1 People

• Chapter 1 An Exemplary Leader
• Chapter 2 A Burglary Attempt
• Chapter 3 Can You Know People You Haven’t Met

Unit 2 Adventure

• Chapter 1 The Final Flight
• Chapter 2 The Sound of the Shell
• Chapter 3 Ordeal in the Ocean

Unit 3 Environment

• Chapter 1 The Indian Rhinoceros
• Chapter 2 Save Mother Earth
• Chapter 3 Save the Tiger

Unit 4 The Class IX Radio and Video Show

• Chapter 1 Radio Show

Unit 5 Mystery

• Chapter 1 Bermuda Triangle
• Chapter 2 The Invisible Man
• Chapter 3 The Tragedy of Birlstone
• Chapter 4 Harry Potter

Unit 6 Children

• Chapter 1 Tom Sawyer
• Chapter 2 Children of India
• Chapter 3 Children and Computers
• Chapter 4 Life Skills
• Chapter 5 We are the World

Unit 7 Sports and Games

• Chapter 1 Grandmaster Koneru Humpy Queen of 64 Squares
• Chapter 2 Its Sports Day
• Chapter 3 Hockey and Football

Class 9 English Workbook

• Unit 1 Verb Forms
• Integrated Grammar Practice 1
• Unit 2 Determiners
• Integrated Grammar Practice 2
• Unit 3 Future Time Reference
• Integrated Grammar Practice 3
• Unit 4 Modals
• Unit 5 Connectors
• Integrated Grammar Practice 4
• Unit 6 The Passive
• Integrated Grammar Practice 5
• Unit 7 Reported Speech
• Integrated Grammar Practice 6
• Unit 8 Prepositions
• Integrated Grammar Practice 7

Class 9 English Writing

• Diary Entry
• Articles
• Story Writing

Class 9 English Grammar

• Tenses
• Modals
• Active and Passive Voice
• Subject-Verb Concord
• Direct and Indirect Speech
• Clauses
• Determiners
• Prepositions
• Gap Filling
• Editing Task
• Omission
• Sentence Reordering & Sentence Transformation

NCERT Solutions

The post Words and Expressions Class 9 Solutions | NCERT Class 9 Words and Expressions Solutions appeared first on Olympquiz.

• Words and Expressions Class 10 Solutions Unit 1 A Letter to God
• Words and Expressions Class 10 Solutions Unit 2 Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom
• Words and Expressions Class 10 Solutions Unit 3 Two Stories about Flying
• Words and Expressions Class 10 Solutions Unit 4 From the Diary of Anne Frank
• Words and Expressions Class 10 Solutions Unit 5 The Hundred Dresses-I
• Words and Expressions Class 10 Solutions Unit 6 The Hundred Dresses-II
• Words and Expressions Class 10 Solutions Unit 7 Glimpses of India
• Words and Expressions Class 10 Solutions Unit 8 Mijbil the Otter
• Words and Expressions Class 10 Solutions Unit 9 Madam Rides the Bus
• Words and Expressions Class 10 Solutions Unit 10 The Sermon at Benaras
• Words and Expressions Class 10 Solutions Unit 11 The Proposal

Class 10 English Literature Reader

• Chapter 1 Two Gentlemen of Verona
• Chapter 2 Mrs. Packletide’s Tiger
• Chapter 3 The Letter
• Chapter 4 A Shady Plot
• Chapter 5 Patol Babu, Film Star
• Chapter 6 Virtually True
• Chapter 7 The Frog and the Nightingale
• Chapter 8 Mirror
• Chapter 9 Not Marble, nor the Gilded Monuments
• Chapter 10 Ozymandias
• Chapter 11 The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
• Chapter 12 Snake
• Chapter 13 The Dear Departed
• Chapter 14 Julius Caesar

Class 10 English First Flight (Prose)

• Chapter 1 A Letter to God
• Chapter 2 Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom
• Chapter 3 Two Stories about Flying
• Chapter 4 From the Diary of Anne Frank
• Chapter 5 The Hundred Dresses – I
• Chapter 6 The Hundred Dresses – II
• Chapter 7 Glimpses of India
• Chapter 8 Mijbil the Otter
• Chapter 9 Madam Rides the Bus
• Chapter 10 The Sermon at Benares
• Chapter 11 The Proposal

Class 10 English First Flight (Poem)

• Chapter 1 Dust of Snow
• Chapter 2 Fire and Ice
• Chapter 3 A Tiger in the Zoo
• Chapter 4 How to Tell Wild Animals
• Chapter 5 The Ball Poem
• Chapter 6 Amanda
• Chapter 7 Animals
• Chapter 8 The Trees
• Chapter 9 Fog
• Chapter 10 The Tale of Custard the Dragon
• Chapter 11 For Anne Gregory

Class 10 English Footprints without Feet

• Chapter 1 A Triumph of Surgery
• Chapter 2 The Thief’s Story
• Chapter 3 The Midnight Visitor
• Chapter 4 A Question of Trust
• Chapter 5 Footprints without Feet
• Chapter 6 The Making of a Scientist
• Chapter 7 The Necklace
• Chapter 8 The Hack Driver
• Chapter 9 Bholi
• Chapter 10 The Book that Saved the Earth

Class 10 English Extended Reading Text / Novels / Long Reading Text

• The Story of My Life Summary By Helen Keller (Unabridged Edition)
• The Story of My Life By Helen Keller (Unabridged Edition)
  OR
• The Diary of a Young Girl Summary By Anne Frank
• The Diary of a Young Girl By Anne Frank

Class 10 English Main Course Book

Unit 1 Health and Medicine

• Health and Medicine Introduction
• A. Do Indians Get Enough Sleep ?
• B. Laughter – The Best Medicine
• C. “Whopping Walter” Hudson
• D. The World of Sports
• E. Nature’s Medicines

Unit 2 Education

• Education Introduction
• A. My struggle for an Education
• B. Educating the Girl Child
• C. Inclusive Education
• D. Vocational Education

Unit 3 Science

• Science Introduction
• A. Promise for the Future : Renewable Energy
• B. Pluggin into Future
• C. Space Travel
• D. Letters from the planet Aurigae II

Unit 4 Environment

• Environment Introduction
• A. Treading the Green Path: Towards Preservation
• B. Heroes of the Environment
• C. Let’s Clean up
• D. A Tale of Three Villages
• E. Geological Heritage

Unit 5 Travel and Tourism

• Travel and Tourism Introduction
• A. Land of All Seasons
• B. Eco Tourism
• C. The Emerald Islands
• D. Promoting Tourism

Unit 6 National Integration

• National Integration Introduction
• A. Unity in Diversity
• B. Challenges to National Integration
• C. Spirit of Unity
• D. Mile Sur Mera Tumhara

Class 10 English Workbook

• Unit 1 Determiners
• Unit 2 Tenses
• Integrated Grammar Practice 1
• Unit 3 Subject – Verb Agreement
• Unit 4 Non Finites
• Integrated Grammar Practice 2
• Unit 5 Relatives
• Unit 6 Connectors
• Integrated Grammar Practice 3
• Unit 7 Conditionals
• Unit 8 Comparison
• Integrated Grammar Practice 4
• Unit 9 Avoiding Repetition
• Unit 10 Nominalisation
• Integrated Grammar Practice 5
• Unit 11 Modals-Expressing Attitudes
• Integrated Grammar Practice 6
• Unit 12 Active and Passive
• Integrated Grammar Practice 7
• Unit 13 Reported Speech
• Integrated Grammar Practice 8
• Unit 14 Prepositions
• Integrated Grammar Practice 9

CBSE Class 10 English Reading

• Unseen Passages

CBSE Class 10 English Writing

• Letter Writing
• Article Writing
• Story Writing

CBSE Class 10 English Grammar

• Tenses
  
• Modals
  
• Active and Passive Voice
  
• Subject-Verb Concord
• Direct and Indirect Speech
• Clauses
• Determiners
• Prepositions
• Gap Filling
• Editing
• Omission
• Sentence Reordering
• Sentence Transformation

NCERT Solutions

The post Words and Expressions Class 10 Solutions | NCERT Class 10 Words and Expressions Solutions appeared first on Olympquiz.

Accounting for Share Capital Important Questions Class 12 Accountancy Chapter 6

Question 1.
What is meant by ‘issued capital’? (Delhi 2019)
Answer:
It means such capital as the company issues from time-to-time for subscription.

Question 2.
What is meant by ‘reserve capital’? (All India 2019)
Answer:
Part of capital of a company which is called-up only on winding up is called ‘reserve capital’.

Question 3.
Is ‘reserve capital’ a part of ‘unsubscribed capital’ or ‘uncalled capital’? (CBSE 2018)
Answer:
Reserve capital is a part of uncalled capital.

Question 4.
Differentiate between issued share capital and subscribed share capital. (All India (C) 2016)
Answer:
Difference between issued capital and subscribed share capital is
Subscribed Share Capital:
It means such part of the capital which is for the time being subscribed by the members of a company.

Issued Share Capital:
It means such capital as the company issues from time-to-time for subscription.

Question 5.
What is the name given to the part of capital of a company which is called-up only on winding up? (Delhi (C) 2015: All India 2015,2011 Modified)
Answer:
Part of capital of a company which is called-up only on winding up is called ‘reserve capital’.

Question 6.
D Ltd invited applications for issuing 10,00,000 equity shares of ₹ 10 each. The public applied for 8,55,000 shares. Can the company proceed for the allotment of shares? Give reason in support of your answer. (All India 2014)
Answer:
No, the shares cannot be allotted because subscribed shares are less than 90%, i.e. as per SEBI guidelines, a company must receive a minimum of 90% of subscription.

Question 7.
What is meant by paid-up capital? (All India (C) 2014)
Answer:
It is the amount that the shareholder has paid and the company has received against the amount called-up against the shares towards share capital.

Question 8.
What is meant by authorised capital of a company? (All India (C) 2014; Foreign 2011)
Answer:
According to Section 2 (8) of the Companies Act, 2013, ‘authorised capital’ means such capital as is authorised by the memorandum of a company to be the maximum amount of share capital of a company.

Question 9.
Give the meaning of called-up capital. (All India 2011)
Answer:
Called-up capital means such part of the capital, which has been called for payment. Thus, it means the amount of nominal (face) value called up by the company to be paid by the shareholders towards the share capital.

Question 10.
What are preliminary expenses? (Delhi 2010)
Answer:
The expenses incurred in the promotion and formation of the company are known as preliminary expenses, such as registration fee paid to registrar of the companies, stamp duty, legal expenses, expenses regarding preparation and issue of prospectus, etc.

Question 11.
What is meant by ‘capital reserve’? (All India 2010)
Answer:
‘Capital reserve’ is the reserve which is not free for distribution as dividend. It is mandatory to create capital reserve in case of capital profits earned by the company.

Question 12.
What is meant by a ‘share’? Give any two differences between ‘preference shares’ and ‘equity shares’. (CBSE 2018)
Answer:
According to Section 2(84) of the Companies Act, 2013, “Share means a share in the capital of a company and includes share”. It is the unit into which the capital of a company is divided.

Question 13.
What is meant by private placement of shares? (All India 2019: Compartment 2018)
Answer:
Private placement of shares means selling of shares to a relatively small number of selected investors. Private placement is the opposite of a public issue, in which securities are made available for sale in the open market.

Question 14.
What is meant by employee stock option plan? (Delhi 2019: All India (C) 2016)
Answer:
Employees stock option plan is a plan whereby an option is given by the company to its whole time directors, officers and employees to purchase or acquire at a future date, a specified number of shares at a pre-determined price, which is usually lower than the market price.

Question 15.
On 28th February, 2016 the first call of ₹ 2 per share became due on 50,000 equity shares alloted by Kumar Ltd. Komal a holder of 1,000 shares did not pay the first call money. Kovil a holder of 750 shares paid the second and final call of ₹ 4 per share along with the first call.
Pass the necessary journal entry for the amount received by opening calls-in-arrears and calls-in -advance account in the books of the company. (All India 2016)
Answer:

Question 16.
On 1st January, 2016 the first call of ₹ 3 per share became due on 1,00,000 equity shares issued by Kamini Ltd. Karan, a holder of 500 shares did not pay the first call money. Arjun, a shareholder holding 1,000 shares paid the second and final call of ₹ 5 per share alongwith the first call.
Pass the necessary journal entry for the amount received by opening ‘calls-in-arrears’ and ‘calls-in-advance’ account in the books of the company. (Delhi 2016)
Answer:
Solve as’Q no. 3 on page
Calls-in-arrears = ₹ 1,500; Calls-in-advance = ₹ 5,000

Question 17.
Nirman Ltd issued 50,000 equity shares of ₹ 10 each. The amount was payable as follows
On application : ₹ 3 per share
On allotment : ₹ 2 per share
On first and final call : Balance
Applications for 45,000 shares were received and shares were allotted to all the applicants, Pooja, to whom 500 shares were allotted, paid her entire share money at the time of allotment, whereas Kundan did not pay the first and final call on his 300 shares. What amount will be received at the time of making the first and final call. (All Inda 2015 Modified)
Answer:
Calculation of amount received at the time of making first and final call.
Amount due at the time of first and final call ’ (45,000 – 500) x 5 = 2,22,500
(-) Calls-in-aiTears (300 x 5) = (1,500)
= ₹ 2,21,000

Question 18.
Joy Ltd issued 1,00,000 equity shares of ₹ 10 each. The amount was payable as follows
On application : ₹ 3 per share
On allotment : ₹ 4 per share
On first and final call : Balance
Applications for 95,000 shares were received and shares were allotted to all the applicants. Sonam, to whom 500 shares were allotted, failed to pay the allotment money and Gautam paid his entire amount due including the amount due on first and final call on the 750 shares allotted to him along with allotment. What amount will be received at the time of allotment? (Delhi 2015 Modified)
Answer:
Calculation of amount received at the time of allotment
Amount due on allotment (95,000 x 4) = 3,80,000
(-) CaUs-in-arrears (500 x 4) = (2,000)
(+) Calls-in-advance (750 x 3) = 2,250
= ₹ 3,80,250

Question 19.
What is meant by over subscription? (All India (C) 2014)
Answer:
When the number of shares applied for is more than the number of shares offered for subscription, the shares are said to be over subscribed.

Question 20.
What is meant by ‘under subscription’? (All India 2014)
Answer:
Under subscription means that number of shares applied for is less than the number of shares issued.

Question 21.
Give any one purpose for which the amount received as ‘securities premium reserve’ may be utilised. (Delhi; All India (C) 2014)
Answer:
Securities premium reserve can be utilised in writing-off preliminary expenses of the company.

Question 22.
What is meant by ‘calls-in-arrears’? (All India 2013)
Answer:
If shareholders make default in paying the money due on allotment or any call, the money not so paid is called calls-in-arrears.

Question 23.
What rate of interest the company pays on calls-in-advance, if it has not prepared its own Articles of Association? (Delhi 2013)
Answer:
As per Table F of the Companies Act, interest on calls-in-advance is payable @ 12% per annum by the company.

Question 24.
What is meant by ‘securities premium reserve’? (Delhi 2013)
Answer:
A company can issue its shares at more than its face value. Excess of issue price of shares over its face value is termed as securities premium reserve.

Question 25.
What is meant by ‘calls-in-advance’? (All India 2012)
Answer:
Calls-in-advance means the amount paid by shareholders is in excess of the amount due from them. The company may receive calls-in-advance if the articles permit. It is shown as a current liability in the balance sheet.

Question 26.
State the steps other than rejecting applications that a company can take in case of over subscription. (Delhi (C) 2011)
Answer:
The steps other than rejecting applications that a company can take in case of over subscription are
(i) All applicants are allotted shares on pro-rata basis.
(ii) Some applicants are allotted shares in full and some are allotted shares on pro-rata basis.

Question 27.
Can securities premium reserve be used as working capital? Give reason in support of your answer. (All India 2011)
Answer:
Securities premium reserve cannot be used as working capital.
According to Section 52 (2) of the Companies Act, 2013, the securities premium reserve can be applied only for the following purposes

• Issuing fully paid bonus shares to the members.
• Writing-off the preliminary expenses of the company.
• Writing-off the expenses on issue of shares, commission paid on any issue of shares or debentures of the company and discount allowed on any issue of shares and debentures.
• Providing for the premium payable on the redemption of redeemable preference shares or debentures of the company.
• In purchasing its own shares (buy back).

Question 28.
What is meant by pro-rata allotment of shares? (All India 2010)
Answer:
In the case of over subscription, it is not possible to allot shares to all applicants. Applicants may be allotted less number of shares than they have applied for. This type of allotment of shares is known as pro-rata allotment of shares, e.g. If company allots 50,000 shares to applicants of 75,000 shares, it is pro-rata allotment in proportion of 2 : 3.

Question 29.
What is meant by issue of shares at par? (All India 2010)
Answer:
When shares are issued at the face value, the shares are said to have been issued at par.

Question 30.
What is meant by ‘over subscription’ of shares? With the help of an example, briefly explain the alternatives available for allotment of shares in case of over subscription. (Delhi 2017; All India 2019)
Answer:
Refer to Q. no. 7 on page 275 and Q. no 26 on page 281.

Question 31.
“WX Ltd’ was registered with an authorised capital of 2,00,000 equity shares of ₹ 10 each. The company offered 1,50,000 shares to the public for subscription 1,45,000 shares were subscribed. All calls were made and were duly received except the final call of ₹ 3 on 5,000 shares.
Present the share capital of the company as per the provisions of Schedule III, Part I of the Companies Act, 2013. (All India 2019)
Answer:

Question 32.
JN Ltd were registered with an authorised capital of 2,00,000 equity shares of ₹ 100 each. The-company offered to the public for subscription 1,00,000 shares. Applications for 1,50,000 shares were received and allotment was made to all the applicants on pro-rata basis. All calls were made and were duly received except the second and final call of ₹ 4,000. The amount payable on second and final call was ₹ 20 per share.
Present the share capital in the balance sheet of the company as per Schedule III, Part I of the Companies Act, 2013. (All India 2019)
Answer:

Question 33.
Willow Ltd was registered with an authorised capital of ₹ 10,00,000 divided into 1,00,000 equity shares of ₹ 10 each. The company offered 80,000 shares for subscription to the public, out of which 75,000 shares were subscribed. All amounts were received except the final call of ₹ 2 per share on 3,000 shares. Fill in the missing figures in the balance sheet of Willow Ltd as per the provisions of Schedule III, Part I of the Companies Act, 2013.

Answer:

Question 34.
NK Ltd, a truck manufacturing company, is registered with an authorised capital of ₹ 1,00,00,000 divided into equity shares of ₹ 100 each. The subscribed and paid-up capital of the company is ₹ 50,00,000. To meet the capital expenditure requirements of the project, the company offered 20,000 shares to the public for subscription. The shares were fully subscribed and paid.
Present the share capital in the balance sheet of the company as per the provisions of Schedule III of the Companies Act, 2013. (CB8E 2018 Modified)
Answer:

Question 35.
Navnirman Ltd. issued 4,00,000 equity shares of ₹ 10 each at par. The amount per share was payable as follows ₹ 3 on application; ₹ 2 on allotment; ₹ 2 on first call and ₹ 3 on final call. The issue was fully subscribed and the shares were allotted fully to all the applicants. All calls were made. Mahi, a shareholder holding 6,000 shares paid the final call money alongwith the first call. Shrey holding 700 shares did not pay the first call on the due date. Shrey paid the first call alongwith the final call. The accountant of the company had correctly passed the entries till receipt of allotment money. After that the following entries were left incomplete by him. Complete these entries, (comportment 2018)

Answer:

Question 36.
K Ltd took over the assets of ₹ 16,00,000 and liabilities of ₹ 5,00,000 of P Ltd for a purchase consideration of ₹ 13,68,500. ₹ 25,500 were paid by issuing a promissory note in favour of P Ltd payable after two months and the balance was paid by issue of equity shares of ₹ 100 each at a premium of 25%. Pass necessary journal entries for the above transactions in the hooks of K Ltd. (All India 2016)
Answer:

Working Notes:
Number of shares Issued = \(\frac{13,43,000(13,68,500-25,500)}{125(100+25)}\) = 10,744 shares

Question 36.
Sandesh Ltd took over the assets of ₹ 7,00,000 and liabilities of ₹ 2,00,000 from Sanchar Ltd for a purchase consideration of ₹ 4,59,500, ₹ 8,500 were paid by accepting a draft in favour of Sanchar Ltd payable after three months and the balance was paid by issue of equity shares of ₹ 10 each at a premium of 10% in favour of Sanchar Ltd. Pass necessary journal entries for the above transactions in the books of Sandesh Ltd. (Delhi 2016)
Answer:
Solve as Q no. 24 on page 280.
Capital Reserve = ₹ 40,500
Number of equity shares issued = 41,000

Question 37.
Guru Ltd invited applications for issuing 5,00,000 equity shares of ₹ 10 each at a premium of ₹ 5 per share. Because of favourable market conditions the issue was over subscribed and applications for 15,00,000 shares were received.
Suggest the alternatives available to the Board of Directors for the allotment of shares. (All India 2015)
Answer:
In case of over subscription of shares, the Board of Directors has the following alternatives
(i) Excess application fully rejected and money refunded.
(ii) Excels application fully adjusted towards allotment and calls.
(iii) Excess applications partly rejected and partly adjusted towards further calls.

Question 38.
State any three purposes other than ‘issue of bonus shares’ for which securities premium can be utilised. (All India; Delhi 2015)
Or
State any three purposes other than “buy-back of shares’ for which securities premium can be utilised. (Foreign 2015)
Or
Securities premium can also be utilised for three other purposes besides (i) issuing fully paid bonus shares and (ii) “buy-back of shares’. State other purposes. (Delhi 2015)
Answer:
According to Section 52 (2) of the Companies Act, 2013, the securities premium reserve may be applied for the following purposes
(i) To write off preliminary expenses of the company.
(ii) To write off the expenses of or the commission paid or discount allowed on any issue of shares or debentures of the company.
(iii) To provide for the premium payable on the redemption of any redeemable preference shares or of any debentures of the company.

Question 39.
‘Tractors India Ltd’ is registered with an authorised capital of ₹ 10,00,000 divided into 1,00,000 equity shares of ₹ 10 each. The company issued 50,000 equity shares at a premium of ₹ 5 per share. ₹ 2 per share were payable with application, ₹ 8 per share including premium on allotment and the balance amount on first and final call. The issue was fully subscribed and all the amount due was received except the first and final call money on 500 shares allotted to Balaram.
Present the ‘share capital’ in the balance sheet of ‘Tractors India Ltd’ as per Schedule III, Part I of the Companies Act, 2013. Also prepare notes to accounts for the same. (Delhi 2015)
Answer:

Question 40.
Sundram Ltd purchased furniture for ₹ 3,00,000 from Ravindram Ltd, ₹ 1,00,000 were paid by drawing a promissory note in favour of Ravindram Ltd. The balance was paid by issue of equity shares of? 10 each at a premium of 25%. Pass journal entries in the books of Sundram Ltd. (All India 2012)
Answer:

Working Note:
Number of Shares to be Issued to Ravindram Ltd = \(\frac{2,00,000}{10+2.5}\) = 16,000 shares

Question 41.
Z Ltd purchased furniture costing ₹ 2,20,000 from CD Ltd. The payment was to be made by issuing of 9% preference share of ₹ 100 each at a premium of ₹ 10 per share. Pass necessary journal entries in the books of Z Ltd. (Delhi 2011)
Answer:

Working Note:
Number of Shares to be Issued to CD Ltd = \(\frac{2,20,000}{100+10}\) = 2,000 shares

Question 42.
DN Ltd issued 50,000 shares of ₹ 10 each payable as ₹ 2 per share on application, ₹ 3 per share on allotment and ₹ 5 on first and final call. Applications were received for 70,000 shares. It was decided that
(i) Refuse allotment to the applicants of 10,000 shares.
(ii) Allot 20,000 shares to Mohan who had applied for similar number.
(iii) Allot the remaining shares on pro-rata basis.
Mohan failed to pay the allotment money and Sohan who belonged to the category (iii) and was allotted 3,000 shares paid both the calls with allotment. Calculate the amount received on allotment. (All India: Delhi 2010 Modified)
Answer:

Question 43.
Pass necessary journal entries for the following transactions in the books of Gopal Ltd
(i) Purchased furniture for ₹ 2,50,000 from M/s Furniture Mart. The payment to M/s Furniture Mart was made by issuing equity shares of ₹ 10 each at a premium of 25%.
(ii) Purchased a running business from Aman Ltd for a sum of ₹ 15,00,000. The payment of 12,00,000 was made by issue of fully paid equity shares of ₹ 10 each and balance by a bank draft. The assets and liabilities consisted of the following: plant ₹ 3,50,000; stock ₹ 4,50,000; land and building ₹ 6,00,000; sundry creditors ₹ 1,00,000. (All India 2014)
Answer:

Working Note:
Number of Shares to be Issued = \(\frac{\text { Purchase Consideration }}{\text { Issue Price }}=\frac{12,00,000}{10}\) = 1,20,000 shares

Question 44.
1st April, 2012 Vivek Ltd was formed with an authorised capital of ₹ 1,00,00,000 divided into 2,00,000 equity shares of ₹ 50 each. The company issued prospectus inviting applications for 1,80,000 shares. The issue price was payable as under
On application : ₹ 15
On allotment : ₹ 20
On call : Balance amount
The issue was fully subscribed and the company allotted shares to all the applicants. The company did not make the call during the year.
Show the following:
(i) Share capital in the balance sheet of the company as per Schedule III, Part I of the Companies Act, 2013.
(ii) Also prepare ‘Notes to accounts’ for the same. (Delhi 2014)
Answer:

Question 45.
Rajan Ltd purchased a running business from Vikas Ltd for a sum of ₹ 2,50,000 payable as ₹ 2,20,000 in fully paid equity shares of ₹ 10 each and balance by a bank draft. The assets and liabilities consisted of the following
Plant and machinery ₹ 90,000; building ₹ 90,000; sundry debtors ₹ 30,000; stock ₹ 50,000; cash ₹ 20,000; sundry creditors ₹ 20,000. (Delhi 2014)
Answer:

Question 46.
Nikhil Ltd purchased a running business from Sonia Ltd for a sum of ₹ 22,00,000 by issuing 20,000 fully paid equity shares of ₹ 100 each at a premium of 10%. The assets and liabilities consisted of the following
Machinery ₹ 7,00,000; debtors ₹ 2,50,000; stock ₹ 5,00,000; building ₹ 11,50,000 and bills payable ₹ 2,50,000.
Pass necessary journal entries in the books of Nikhil Ltd for the above transactions. (All India 2013)
Answer:
For journal entry relating to purchases of business, solve as Q no. 34 on page 285.

Working Note:
Number of Equity Shares Issued = \(\frac{22,00,000}{110}\) = 20,000

Question 47.
The authorised capital of Suhas Ltd is ₹ 50,00,000 divided into 25,000 shares of ₹ 200 each. Out of these, the company issued 12,000 shares of ₹ 200 each at a premium of 10%. The amount per share was payable as follows
₹ 60 on application
₹ 60 on allotment (including premium)
₹ 30 on first call and balance on final call.
Public applied for 11,000 shares. All the money was duly received.
Prepare an extract of balance sheet of Suhas Ltd as per Revised Schedule III, Part I of the Companies Act, 2013 disclosing the above information. Also prepare ‘Notes to accounts’ for the same. (All India 2013)
Answer:

Question 48.
Z Ltd forfeited 1,000 equity shares of ₹ 10 each for the non-payment of the first call of ₹ 2 per share. The final call of ₹ 3 per share was yet to be made. Calculate the maximum amount of discount at which these shares can be re-issued. (All India 2017)
Answer:
The maximum amount of discount allowed on the re-issue of forfeited shares must not exceed the amount forfeited on re-issued shares. In this case, the maximum amount of discount at which shares can be re-issued is (1,000 x 5) = ₹ 5,000.

Question 49.
Y Ltd forfeited 100 equity shares of ₹ 10 each for the non-payment of first call of ₹ 2 per share. The final call of ₹ 2 per share was yet to be made. Calculate the maximum amount of discount at which these shares can be re-issued. (Delhi 2017)
Answer:
Solve as Q no. 1 on page 288.
Maximum Discount at which shares can be re-issued (100 x 6) = ₹ 600

Question 50.
Give the meaning of forfeiture of shares. (All India 2014 (C), 2010; Foreign 2015)
Answer:
Forfeiture of shares means cancellation of shares and seizure of the amount received from the defaulting shareholders, whose shares have been forfeited. Upon forfeiture, the name of original shareholder must be removed from the register of members. Forfeiture results in reduction of share capital.

Question 51.
A Ltd forfeited 100 equity shares of? 10 each issued at premium of 20% for the non-payment of final call of ₹ 5 including premium. State the maximum amount of discount at which these shares can be re-issued. All India 2014
Answer:
Maximum amount of discount that can be allowed at the time of re-issue is the amount forfeited on re-issued shares, i.e. (100 × 7) = ₹ 700.

Question 52.
What is the maximum amount of discount at which forfeited shares can be re-issued? (Delhi 2014 Modified)
Answer:
When forfeited shares are re-issued at a discount, the discount cannot exceed the amount forfeited on re-issued shares.

Question 53
What is meant by ‘forfeiture of shares’? When does ‘gain on forfeited shares’ arise and when is it transferred to capital reserve? (All India 2019)
Answer:
‘Forfeiture of shares’ refer to Q. no 3 on page 288.
When forfeited shares are re-issued at discount, gain on forfeited shares arises. The balance left in the share forfeited account after the re-issue is transferred to the capital reserve account.

Question 54.
Janta Ltd had an authorised capital of 2,00,000 equity shares of ₹ 10 each. The company offered to the public for subscription 1,00,000 shares. Applications were received for 97,000 shares. The amount was payable as follows on application was ₹ 2 per share, ₹ 4 was payable each on allotment and first and final call. A shareholder holding 600 shares failed to pay the allotment money. His shares were forfeited. The company did not make the first and final call.
Present the share capital in the balance sheet of the company as per Schedule III of the Companies Act, 2013. Also prepare notes to accounts, (comportment 2018)
Answer:

Question 55.
Sajag Ltd has an authorised capital of? 30,00,000 divided into equity shares of ₹ 30 each. The compnay invited applications for issuing 70,000 shares. Applications for 68,000 shares were received.
All calls were made and were duly received except the final call of? 10 per share on 5,000 shares. These shares were forfeited.
(i) Present the share capital in the balance sheet of the company as per Schedule III of the Companies Act, 2013.
(ii) Also prepare ‘Notes to accounts’ for the same. (All India (C) 2016)
Answer:

Question 55.
Samprag Ltd has an authorised capital of ₹ 20,00,000 divided into equity shares of? 10 each. The company invited applications for issuing 60,000 shares. Applications for 58,000 shares were received.
All calls were made and were duly received except the final call of ₹ 3 as share on 2,000 shares. These shares were forfeited.
(i) Present the share capital in the balance sheet of the company as per Schedule III of the Companies Act, 2013.
(ii) Also prepare ‘Notes to accounts’ for the same. (Delhi (C) 2016)
Answer:
Solve as Q no. 8 on page 290. Share capital = ₹ 5,74,000

Question 56.
‘Suvidha Ltd’ is registered with an authorised capital of ₹ 10,00,00,000 divided into 10,00,000 equity shares of ₹ 100 each. The company issued 1,00,000 shares for public subscription. A shareholder holding 100 shares, faded to pay the final call of ₹ 20 per share. His shares were forfeited. The forfeited shares were re-issued at ₹ 90 per share as fully paid-up.

Present the share capital in the balance sheet of the company as per Schedule III, Part I of the Companies Act, 2013. Also prepare notes to accounts. (All India 2015)
Answer:

Question 57.
‘India Auto Ltd’ is registered with an authorised capital of ₹ 7,00,00,000 divided into 7,00,000 shares of ₹ 100 each. The company issued 50,000 shares to the vendor for building purchased and 2,00,000 shares were issued to the public. The amount was payable as follows
On application and allotment : ₹ 20 per share
On first call : ₹ 50 per share
On second and final call : Balance
All calls were made and were duly received except on 100 shares held by Rajani, who failed to pay the second and final call. Her shares were forfeited.
Present the ‘share capital’ in the balance sheet of the company as per Schedule III, Part I of the Companies Act, 2013. Also prepare ‘notes to accounts’. (All India 2015)
Answer:

Question 58.
SSS Ltd forfeited 1,000 equity shares of ₹ 100 each for the non-payment of first call ₹ 20 per share and second and final call of ₹ 25 per share. State
(i) Can these shares be re-issued?
(ii) If yes state the minimum amount at which these shares can be re-issued?
(iii) If these shares were re-issued at ₹ 50 per share fully paid up, what will be the amount of capital reserve? (Delhi 2010)
Answer:
(i) Yes, forfeited shares can be re-issued.
(ii) Forfeited shares can re-issued at any rate of discount. The only condition is that the amount of discount allowed on the re-issue of forfeited shares must not exceed the amount forfeited on such shares. In this case, shares can be re-issued at a minimum price of ₹ 45 per share (i.e. 100 – 55).
(iii) Calculation of Amount Transferred to Capital Reserve
Amount forfeited (1,000×55) = 55,000
(-) Discount on re-issue (11)00 x 50) = (50,000)
Gain on re-issue to be transferred to capital reserve = ₹ 5,000

Question 59.
On 1st April, 2012, Vishwas Ltd was formed with an authorised capital of ₹ 10,00,000 divided into 1,00,000 equity shares of ₹ 10 each. The company issued prospectus inviting applications for 90,000 equity shares. The company received applications for 85,000 equity shares. During the first year, ₹ 8 per share were called. Ram holding 1,000 shares and Shyam holding 2,000 shares did not pay the first call of ₹ 2 per share. Shyam’s shares were forfeited after the first call and later on 1,500 of the forfeited shares were re-issued at ₹ 6 per share, ₹ 8 called-up.
Show the following
(i) Share capital in the balance sheet of the company as per Revised Schedule III Part I of the Companies Act, 2013.
(ii) Also prepare ‘notes to accounts’ for the same. (All India 2014)
Answer:

Working Note:
Capital Reserve
(a) Amount forfeited on re-issued shares = 12,000 x \(\frac{1,500}{2,000}\) = ₹ 9,000
(b) Amount utilised at the time of re-issue = ? 3,000 (1,500 x 2)
Capital reserve (a – b) = 9,000 – 3,000 = ₹ 6,000
NOTE Calls-in-arrears will be shown only of Ram’s holding because Shyam’s shares have been forfeited.

Question 60.
B Ltd was registered with an authorised capital of ₹ 20,00,000 divided into equity shares of ₹ 10 each.The company invited applications for the issue of 1,00,000 shares. Applications for 96,000 shares were received. All calls were made and were duly received except the final call of ₹ 2 per share on 2,000 shares. All these shares were forfeited and later on re-issued at ₹ 18,000 as fully paid.
(i) Show how ‘share capital’ will appear in the balance sheet of B Ltd as per Schedule III of the Companies Act, 2013.
(ii) Also prepare ‘Notes to Accounts’ for the same. (All India (C) 2014)
Answer:
Solve as Q no. 10 on page 290 and 291.
Share Capital = ₹ 9,60,000

Question 61.
L Ltd forfeited 470 equity shares of ₹ 20 each issued at a premium of ₹ 3 per share for the non-payment of allotment money of ₹ 8 (including premium ₹ 3) and first call of ₹ 5 per share. Final call of ₹ 5 per share was not made. Out of these 235 shares were re-issued at ₹ 19 each fully paid. Pass necessary journal entries for the above transactions in the books of L Ltd. (Delhi (C) 2014)
Answer:

Working Note:
Capital Reserve
Amount forfeited on re-issued shares = 12,000 x 235 = ₹ 1,175
(-) Amount utilised at the time of re-issue = ₹ 235
Capital reserve = ₹ 940

Question 62.
Give journal entries to record the following transaction of forfeiture and re-issue of shares and open share forfeiture account.
L Ltd forfeited 470 equity shares of ₹ 10 each issued at premium of ₹ 5 per share for non-payment of allotment money ₹ 8 per share (including share premium ₹ 5 per share) and the first and final call of ₹ 5 per share. Out of these, 60 equity shares were subsequently re-issued @ ₹ 14 per shares. (Delhi 2011)
Answer:

Working Notes:
Amount of 60 forfeited shares = 940 × \(\frac{60}{470}\) = ₹ 120 to be transferred to capital reserve account.

Question 63.
(a) Fill in the blank spaces in the journal entries given below. (All India (C) 2015)

(b) Fill in the blank spaces in the journal entries given below

Answer:

Question 64.
Denspar Ltd invited applications for issuing 2,00,000 equity shares of ₹ 10 each at a premium of ₹ 20 per share. The amount was payable as follows
On application : ₹ 2 per share
On allotment: ₹ 13 per share (including ₹ 10 premium)
On first call: ₹ 7 per share (including ₹ 5 premium)
On final call: ₹ 8 per share (including ₹ 5 premium)
Applications for 1,80,000 shares were received. Shares were allotted to all the applicatns. Yogesh, a shareholder holding 5,000 shares paid his entire share money alongwith the allotment money. Vishesh, a holder of 7,000 shares, failed to pay the allotment money. Afterwards the first call was made. Vishesh paid the allotment money alongwith the first call money. Samyesh, holding 2,000 shares did not pay the final call. Samyesh’s shares were forfeited immediately after the final call. Out of the forfeited shares, 1,500 shares were re-issued at ₹ 8 per share fully paid-up.
Pass the necessary journal entries for the above transactions in the books of Denspar Ltd. (All India 2019)
Answer:

Question 65.
KLN Ltd invited applications for issuing 1,00,000 shares of ₹ 10 each at a premium of ₹ 2 per share. The amount was payable as follows
On Application – ₹ 3 per share (including premium ₹ 1)
On Allotment – ₹ 4 per share (including premium ₹ 1)
On First call – ₹ 3 per share
On Second and Final Call – Balance amount
Application for 1,90,000 shares were received. Allotment was made to the applicants as follows

Remaining applications were rejected.
Rajat, a shareholder belonging to Category I who had applied for 2,500 shares, failed to pay the amount due on allotment and first call. His shares were immediately forfeited.
Reema, a shareholder belonging to Category II who was holding 3,000 shares failed to pay the first call and second call money. Her shares were also forfeited. Afterwards 4,000 shares were re-issued @ ₹ 8 per share fully paid-up. These included all the forfeited shares of Reema.
Pass necessary journal entries for the above transactions in the books of KLN Ltd. (All India 2019)
Answer:

Question 66.
S Ltd invited applications for issuing 1,00,000 equity shares of ₹ 10 each. The shares were issued at a premium of ₹ 5 per share. The amount was payable as follows
On application and allotment – ₹ 8 per share (including premium ₹ 8)
On the first and final call – Balance including premium
Applications for 1,50,000 shares were received. Applications for 10,000 shares were rejected and pro-rata allotment was made to the remaining applicants on the following basis
(i) Applicants for 80,000 shares were allotted 60,000 shares.
(ii) Applicants for 60,000 shares were allotted 40,000 shares.

Excess amount received on application and allotment was to be adjusted against sums due on call. X, who belonged to the first category and was allotted 300 shares, failed to pay the first and final call money. Y, who belonged to the second category and was allotted 200 shares, also failed to pay the first and final call money. Their shares were forfeited. The forfeited shares were re-issued @ ₹ 12 per share as fully paid-up.
Pass necessary cash book and journal entries for the above transactions in the books of the companv. (All India 2019)
Answer:

Question 67.
Jain Ltd invited applications for issuing 1,12,000 equity shares of ₹ 10 each at par. The amount per share was payable as follows
On application – ₹ 1 On allotment – ₹ 2
On first call -13 On second and final call – ₹ 4
Applications for 1,00,000 shares were received, Shares were fully allotted to all the applicants. Ramesh failed to pay his allotment money which was t 2,000. His shares were forfeited immediately. Suresh did not pay the first call on 500 shares applied by him. His shares were forfeited after the first call. The forfeited shares of Ramesh and Suresh were re-issued at ₹ 9 per share fully paid-up. Afterwards the second and final call was made and was duly received.
Pass necessary journal entries for the above transactions in the books of Jain. (All India 2019)
Answer:

Working otes:
Number of share allotted to Ramesh = \(\frac { 2000 }{ 2 }\) = 1000 shares

Question 68.
DF Ltd invited applications for issuing 50,000 shares of ₹ 10 each at a premium of ₹ 2 per share. The amount was payable as follows
On application – ₹ 3 per share (including premium ₹ 1)
On allotment – ₹ 3 per share (including premium ₹ 1)
On first call – ₹ 3 per share
On second and final call – Balance amount
Application for 70,000 shares were received. Allotment was made on the following basis
Application for 5,000 shares-full
Applications for 50,000 shares – 90%
Balance of the applications were rejected. ₹ 1,11,000 were received on account of allotment. The amount of allotment due from the shareholders to whom shares were allotted on pro-rata basis was fully received. A few shareholders to whom shares were allotted in full, failed to pay the allotment money ₹ 1,20,000 were received on first call. Directors decided to forfeit those shares on which allotment and call money was due. Half of the forfeited shares were re-issued @ ₹ 8 per share fully paid-up. Final call was not made.
Pass the necessary journal entries for the above transactions in the book of DF Ltd. (Delhi 2019)
Answer:

Question 69.
EF Ltd invited applications for issuing 80,000 equity shares of ₹ 50 each at a premium of 20%. The amount was payable as follows
On application – ₹ 20 per share (including premium ₹ 5)
On allotment – ₹ 15 per share (including premium ₹ 5)
On first call – ₹ 15 per share
On second and final call – Balance amount
Applications for 1,20,000 shares were received. Applications for 20,000 shares were rejected and pro-rata allotment was made to the remaining applications.
Seema, holding 4,000 shares failed to pay the allotment money. Afterwards the first call was made. Seema paid allotment money alongwith the first call. Sahaj, who had applied for 2,500 shares failed to pay the first call money. Sahaj’s shares were forfeited and subsequently re-issued to Geeta for ₹ 60 per share, ₹ 50 per share paid-up. Final call was not made.
Pass necessary journal entries for the above transactions in the books of EF Ltd by opening callS-in-arrears account. (Delhi 2019)
Answer:

Working Notes:

Question 70.
X Ltd invited applications for issuing 50,000 equity shares of ₹ 10 each. The amount was payable as follows
On Application – ₹ 2 per share
On Allotment – ₹ 2 per shares
On first call – ₹ 3 per shares
On second and final cal – Balance amount
Applications for 70,000 shares were received. Applications for 10,000 shares were rejected and the application money was refunded. Shares were allotted to the remaining applicants on a pro-rata basis and excess money received with applications was transferred towards sums due on allotment and calls, if any.

Gopal, who applied for 600 shares, paid his entire share money with application. Ghosh, who had applied for 6,000 shares, failed to pay the allotment money and his shares were immediately forfeited. These forfeited shares were re-issued to Sultan for ₹ 20,000; ₹ 4 per share paid-up. The first call money and the second and final call money was called and duly received. Pass necessary journal entries for the above transactions in the books of X Ltd. Open calls-in-advance account and calls-in-arrears account wherever necessary. (CBSE 2018)
Answer:

Question 71.
A Ltd invited applications for issuing 1,00,000 shares of ₹ 10 each at a premium of ₹ 1 per share. The amount was payable as follows
On application – ₹ 3 per share
On allotment – ₹ 3 per share (including premium)
On first call – ₹ 3 per share
On second and final call – Balance amount
Applications for 1,60,000 shares were received. Allotment was made on the following basis
(i) To applicants for 90,000 shares – 40,000 shares
(n) To applicants for 50,000 shares – 40,000 shares
(iii) To applicants for 20,000 shares – Full shares
Excess money paid on application is to be adjusted against the amount due on allotment and calls.
Rishabh, a shareholder, who applied for 1,500 shares and belonged to Category (ii), did not pay allotment, first and second and final call money. Another shareholder, Sudha, who applied for 1,800 shares and belonged to Category (i), did not pay the first and second and final call money.
All the shares of Rishabh and Sudha were forfeited and were subsequently re-issued at? 7 per share fully paid.
Pass the necessary journal entries in the books of A Ltd. Open calls-in-arrears account and calls-in-advance account wherever required. (CBSE 2018)
Answer:

Working Notes:

Question 72.
X Ltd invited applications for issuing 5,00,000 equity shares of ₹ 10 each at par. The amount per share was payable as follows
On application – ₹ 1 per share; On allotment – ₹ 2 per share; On first call – ₹ 3 per share; On second and final call – Balance amount
Applications for 8,00,000 shares were received. Applications for 1,00,000 shares were rejected and pro-rata allotment was made to the remaining applicants. Excess money received with applications was adjusted towards sums due on allotment. All calls were made. Ashok, a shareholder, holding 5,000 shares failed to pay the allotment and the call money. Mohan, a shareholder who had applied for 7,000 shares, failed to pay the first and second and final call. Shares of Ashok and Mohan were forfeited after the second and final call. Of the forfeited shares, 8,000 shares were re-issued at ₹ 12 per share fully paid-up. The re-issued shares included all the forfeited shares of Ashok.
Pass necessary journal entries for the above transactions in the books of X. Ltd. (Compartment 2018)
Answer:

Question 73.
Manvet Ltd invited applications for issuing 10,00,000 equity shares of ₹ 10 each payable as follows
On application and allotment (-) ₹ 4 per share (including premium ₹ 1)
On first call share – ₹ 4 per share
On second and final call – ₹ 3 per share
Applications for 15,00,000 shares were received and pro-rata allotment was made to all the applicants. Excess application money was adjusted on the sums due on calls. A shareholder, who had applied for 6,000 shares did not pay the first, and second and final call. His shares were forfeited. 90% of the forfeited shares were re-issued at ₹ 8 per share fully paid-up.
Pass necessary journal entries for the above transactions in the books of the company. (Comportment 2018)
Answer:
Solve as Q. no. 46 on page 336 and 337.
First Call Money Received = ₹ 19,92,000
Second Call Money Received = ₹ 2938000
Forfeited Shares Amount = ₹ 20000
Capital Reserve = ₹ 10300

Question 74.
VXN Ltd invited applications for issuing 50,000 equity shares of ₹ 10 each at a premium of ₹ 8 per share. The amount was payable as follows
On application : ₹ 4 per share (including ₹ 2 premium)
On allotment : ₹ 6 per share (including ₹ 3 premium)
On first call : ₹ 5 per share (including ₹ 1 premium)
On second and final call : Balance amount
The issue was fully subscribed. Gopal, a shareholder holding 200 shares, did not pay the allotment money and Madhav, a holder of 400 shares, paid his entire share money along with the allotment money. Gopal’s shares were immediately forfeited after allotment. Afterwards, the first call was made. Krishna, a holder of 100 shares, failed to pay the first call money and Girdhar, a holder of 300 shares, paid the second call money also along with the first call. Krishna’s shares were forfeited immediately after the first call. Second and final call was made afterwards and was duly received. All the forfeited shares were re-issued at ₹ 9 per share fully paid-up.
Pass necessary journal entries for the above transactions in the books of the company. (All India 2017)
Answer:

Question 75.
JJK Ltd invited applications for issuing 50,000 equity shares of ₹ 10 each at par. The amount was payable as follows
On application – ₹ 2 per share
On allotment – ₹ 4 per share
On first and final call – Balance amount
The issue was over-subscribed three times. Applications for 30% shares were rejected and money refunded. Allotment was made to the remaining applicants as follows

Excess money paid by the applicants who were allotted shares was adjusted towards the sums due on allotment.
Deepak, a shareholder belonging to Category I, who had applied for 1,000 shares, failed to pay the allotment money. Raju, a shareholder holding 100 shares, also failed to pay the allotment money. Raju belonged to Category II. Shares of both Deepak and Raju were forfeited immediately after allotment. Afterwards, first and final call was made and was duly received. The forfeited shares of Deepak and Raju were re-issued at ₹ 11 per share fully paid up.
Pass necessary journal entries for the above transactions in the books of the company. (All India 2017)
Answer:

Question 76.
XL Ltd invited applications for issuing 1,00,000 equity shares of ₹ 10 each at par. The amount was payable as follows
On application – ₹ 3 per share
On allotment – ₹ 4 per share
On first and final call – ₹ 3 per share
The issue was over-subscribed by three times. Applications for 20% shares were rejected and the money refunded. Allotment was made to the remaining applications as follows

Excess money received with applications was adjusted towards sums due on allotment and first and final call. All calls were made and were duly received except the final call by a shareholder belonging to Category I who has applied for 320 shares. His shares were forfeited. The forfeited shares were re-issued at ₹ 15 per share fully paid-up.
Pass necessary journal entries for the above transactions in the book of XL Ltd. Open calls in-arrears and calls-in-advance account whenever required. (Delhi 2017)
Answer:
Solve as Q. no. 29 on page 314-316.
Capital Reserve = ₹ 1,120

Question 77.
AXN Ltd invited applications for issuing 1,00,000 equity shares of ₹ 10 each at a premium of ₹ 6 per share. The amount was payable as follows On application ₹ 4 per share (including 2 premium)
On allotment – ₹ 5 per share (including ₹ 2 premium).
On first call – ₹ 4 per share (including ₹ 2 premium).
On second and final cal – Balance amount
The issue was fully subscribed.
Kumar, the holder of 400 shares did not pay the allotment money and Ravi, the holder of 1,000 shares paid his entire share money along with allotment money.
Kumar’s shares were forfeited immediately after allotment. Afterwards first call was made. Gupta, a holder of 300 shares failed to pay the first call money and Gopal, a holder of 600 shares paid the second call money also along with first call. Gupta’s shares were forfeited immediately after the first call. Second and final call was made afterwards. The whole amount due on second call was received.
All the forfeited shares were re-issued at ₹ 9 per share fully paid-up.
Pass necessary journal entries for the above transactions in the books of the company. (Delhi 2017)
Answer:
Solve as Q. No. 28 on page 313 and 314.
Capital Reserve = ₹ 1,600

Question 78.
SK Ltd invited applications for issuing 3,20,000 equity shares of ₹ 10 each at a premium of ₹ 5 per share. The amount was payable as follows
On application – ₹ 3 per share (including premium ₹ 1 per share)
On allotment – ₹ 5 per share (including premium ₹ 2 per share)
On first and final call – Balance amount
Applications for 4,00,000 shares were received. Applications for 40,000 shares were rejected and application money refunded. Shares were alloted on pro-rata basis to the remaining applicants. Excess money received with applications was adjusted towards sums due on allotment. Jeevan holding 800 shares failed to pay the allotment money and his shares were immediately forfeited.
Afterwards final call was made, Ganesh, who had applied for 2,700 shares failed to pay the final call. His shares were also forfeited. Out of the forfeited shares 1,500 shares were re-issued at ₹ 8 per share fully paid up. The re-issued shares included all the forfeited shares of Jeevan.
Pass necessary journal entries for the above transactions in the books of the company. (All India 2016)
Answer:

Question 79.
BBG Ltd had issued 1,00,000 equity shares of ₹ 10 each at a premium of ₹ 3 per share payable with application money. While passing journal entries related to the issue, some blanks are left, you are required to complete these blanks. All India 2016

Answer:

Question 80.
KS Ltd invited applications for issuing 1,60,000 equity shares of ₹ 10 each at a premium of ₹ 6 per share. The amount was payable as follows
On application – ₹ 4 per share (including premium ₹ 1 per share)
On allotment – ₹ 6 per share (including premium ₹ 3 per share)
On first and final call – Balance amount
Applications for 3,20,000 shares were received. Applications for 80,000 shares were rejected and application money refunded. Shares were allotted on pro-rata basis to the remaining applicants. Excess money received with applications was adjusted towards sum due on allotment. Jain holding 800 shares failed to pay the allotment money. His shares were forfeited immediately after allotment. Afterwards the final call was made. Gupta who had applied for 1,200 shares failed to pay the final call. These shares were also forfeited. Out of the forfeited shares 1,000 shares were re-issued at ₹ 8 per share fully paid-up. The re-issued shares included all the forfeited shares of Jain.
Pass necessary journal entries for the above transactions in the books of KS Ltd. (Delhi 2016)
Answer:
Solve as Q no. 32 on page 317-320.
Capital Reserve = ₹ 3,200

Question 81.
GG Ltd had issued 50,000 equity shares of ₹ 10 each at a premium of ₹ 2 per share payable with application money. The incomplete journal entries related to the issue are given below. You are required to complete these blanks.

Answer:
Solve as Q no. 33 on page 320-322.
Capital Reserve = ₹ 2,500

Question 82.
Radha Mohan Ltd invited applications for issuing 4,00,000 equity shares of ₹ 50 each. The amount was payable as follows
On application – ₹ 15 per share
On allotment – ₹ 25 per share
On first and final call – ₹ 10 per share
Applications for 6,00,000 shares were received and pro-rata allotment was applicants on following basis
Applicants for 4,00,000 shares were allotted 3,00,000 shares.
Applicants for 2,00,000 shares were alloted 1,00,000 shares.
It was decided that excess amount received on applications will be adjusted towards sums due on allotment and surplus if any, will be refunded. Vibhuti, who was alloted 6,000 shares out of the group applying for 4,00,000 shares did not pay the allotment money and his shares were forfeited immediately. Afterwards, these forfeited shares were re-issued at ₹ 30 per share fully paid-up. Later on, first and final call was made. Shahid, who had applied for 2,000 shares out of the group applying for 2,00,000 shares failed to pay first and final call and his shares were also forfeited. These shares were afterwards re-issued at ₹ 60 per share fully paid-up.
Pass necessary journal entries in the books of Radha Mohan Ltd for the above transactions. (All India (C) 2016)
Answer:

Question 83.
Sukanya Ltd invited applications for issuing 1,00,000 equity shares of 7 10 each. The shares were issued at a premium of? 20 per share. The amount was payable as follows
On application and allotment – ₹ 14 per share (including premium of? 10)
On first call – ₹ 8 per share (including premium of ₹ 5)
On final call – ₹ 8 per share (including premium of ₹ 5)
Applications for 96,000 shares were received. Rohit a shareholder holding 7,000 shares failed to pay both the calls and Namit, a holder of 5,000 shares did not pay the final call. Shares of Rohit and Namit were forfeited. Of the forfeited shares 8,000 shares including all the shares of Rohit were re-issued to Reena at ₹ 8 per share fully paid-up. Pass necessary journal entries for the above transactions in the books of Sukanya Ltd. (All India (C) 2016)
Answer:

Question 84.
RK Ltd invited applications for issuing 80,000 equity shares of ₹ 10 each at a premium of ₹ 35 per share. The amount was payable as follows
On application – ₹ 8 (including ₹ 5 premium) per share
On allotment – ₹ 12 (including ₹ 10 premium) per share
On first and final call – Balance amount
Applications for 75,000 shares were received and allotment was made to all the applicants. Rahim, a shareholder, who was allotted 3,000 shares failed to pay allotment money and his shares were immediately forfeited.
Afterwards, the first and final call was made. Suhani who held 3,000 shares failed to pay the final call. Her shares were also forfeited. All the forfeited shares were re-issued for a sum of ₹ 62,000 as fully paid-up. Pass necessary journal entries for the above transactions in the books of RK Ltd. (Delhi (C) 2016)
Answer:

Question 85.
Sargam Ltd invited applications for issuing 80,000 equity shares of ₹ 100 each at a premium. The amount was payable as follows
On application – ₹ 20 per share
On allotment – ₹ 60 (including premium) per share
On first and final call – ₹ 40 per share
Applications for 1,20,000 shares were received. Allotment was made on pro-rata basis to all the applicants. Excess money received on applications was adjusted on sums due to allotment. Sitaram, who had applied for 6,000 shares failed to pay the allotment money and Harnam did not pay first and final call on 800 shares allotted to him. The shares of Sitaram and Harnam were forfeited. 4,200 of these shares were re-issued for ₹ 100 per share as fully paid-up. The re-issued shares included all the forfeited shares of HarnAnswer:
Pass necessary journal entries for the above transactions in the books of Sargam Ltd. (Delhi (C) 2016)
Answer:

Question 86.
‘BMY Ltd’ invited applications for issuing 1,00,000 equity shares of ₹ 10 each at a premium of ₹ 10 per share. The amount was payable as follows
On application – ₹ 10 per share (including ₹ 5 premium)
On allotment – The balance
The issue was fully subscribed. A shareholder holding 300 shares paid the full share money with application. Another shareholder holding 200 shares failed to pay the allotment money. His ‘shares were forfeited. Later on, these shares were re-issued for ₹ 4,000 as fully paid-up. Pass necessary journal entries for the above transactions in the books of BMY Ltd. (All India 2015)
Answer:

Question 87.
‘Blue Star Ltd’ was registered with an authorised capital of ₹ 2,00,000 divided into 20,000 shares of ₹ 10 each. 6,000 of these shares were issued to the vendor for building purchased. 8,000 shares were issued to the public and ₹ 5 per share were called-up as follows
On application – ₹ 2 per share
On allotment – ₹ 1 per share
On first call – Balance of the calledup amount
The amounts received on these shares were as follows
On 6,000 shares – Full amount called
On 1,25G shares – ₹ 3 per share
On 750 shares – ₹ 2 per share
The directors forfeited 750 shares on which ₹ 2 per share were received. Pass necessary journal entries forth e above transactions in the book of Blue Star Ltd. (All India 2018)
Answer:

Question 88.
“Y Ltd’ invited applications for issuing 15,000 equity shares of ₹ 10 each on which ₹ 6 per share were called-up, which were payable as follows
On application – ₹ 2 per share
On allotment – ₹ 1 per share
On first call – ₹ 3 per share
The issue was fully subscribed and the amount was received as follows
On 10,000 shares – ₹ 6 per share
On 3,000 shares – ₹ 3 per share
On 2,000 shares – ₹ 2 per share
The directors forfeited those shares on which less than ₹ 6 per share were received. The forfeited shares were re-issued at ₹ 9 per share, as ₹ 6 per share paid-up.
Pass necessary journal entries for the above transactions in the books of the company. (All India 2015)
Answer:

Question 89.
Alfa Ltd invited applications for issuing 75,000 equity shares of ₹ 10 each. The amount was payable as follows
On application and allotment – ₹ 4 per share
On first call – ₹ 3 per share
On second and final call – Balance amount
Applications for 1,00,000 shares were received. Shares were allotted to all the applicants on pro-rata basis and excess money received with applications was transferred towards sums due on first call. Vibha who was allotted 750 shares failed to pay the first call. Her shares were immediately forfeited. Afterwards the second call was made.
The amount due on second call was also received except on 1,000 shares, applied by Monika. Her shares were also forfeited. All the forfeited shares were re-issued to Mohit for ₹ 9,000 as fully paid-up.
Pass necessary journal entries in the books of Alfa Ltd for the above transactions. (Delhi 2015)
Answer:

Question 90.
Jeevan Dhara Ltd invited applications for issuing 1,20,000 equity shares of? 10 each at a premium of ₹ 2 per share. The amount was payable as follows
On application – ₹ 2 per share
On allotment – ₹ 5 per share (including premium)
On first and final call – Balance amount
Applications for 1,50,000 shares were received. Shares were allotted to all the applicants on pro-rata basis. Excess money received on applications was adjusted towards sums due on allotment. All calls were made. Manu who had applied for 3,000 shares failed to pay the amount due on allotment and first and final call. Madhur who was allotted 2,400 shares failed to pay the first and final call. Shares of both Manu and Madhur were forfeited. The forfeited shares were re-issued at ₹ 9 per share as fully paid-up.
Pass necessary journal entries for the above transactions in the books of Jeevan Dhara Ltd. (Delhi 2015)
Answer:
Solve as Q no. 39 on page 328 and 329.
Capital Reserve = ₹ 13,200

Question 91.
‘Guru Ltd’ invited applications for issuing 80,000 equity shares of ₹ 10 each at a premium of ₹ 10 per share. The amount was payable as follows
On application and allotment – ₹ 10 (including ₹ 5 premium)
On first and final call – ₹ 10 (including ₹ 5 premium)
Applications for 1,00,000 share were received. Applications for 10,000 shares were rejected and application money was refunded. Shares were allotted on pro-rata basis to the remaining applicants.
Excess application money received from applicants to whom shares were allotted on pro-rata basis was adjusted towards sums due on first and final call. All calls were made and were duly received except the first and final call money from Kumar who had applied for 1,800 shares. His shares were forfeited. The forfeited shares were re-issued at ₹ 9 per share as fully paid-up.
Pass necessary journal entries for the above transactions in the books of ‘Guru Ltd’. (Foreign 2015)
Answer:

1. Calculation of Amount not Received on First and Final Call
Shares allotted to Kumar = \(\frac { 80,000 }{ 90,000 }\) x 1,800 = 1,600 shares 90,000
Amount received on 1,800 shares @ ₹ 10 each = ₹ 18,000
Amount transferred to share capital account (1,600 x 5) = ₹ 8,000
Amount transferred to securities premium account (1,600 x 5) = ₹ 8,000
Excess money received on application = ₹ 2,000
Amount due on first and final call for 1,600 shares of Kumar @ ₹ 10 each = ₹ 16,000 (8,000 + 8,000)
Amount not received on securities premium = ₹ 8,000
Amount not received on first and final call = ₹ 6,000 (8,000 -2,000)

2. Calculation of Amount Credited in Share Forfeiture Account
Amount received on application and allotment = 18,000 (1,800 x 10)
(-) Amount received for securities premium = 8,000 (1,600 x 5)
Amount to be credited in share forfeiture account = ₹ 10,000

Question 92.
Kayafab Ltd issued 1,00,000 equity shares of ₹ 10 each payable as ₹ 2 on application; ₹ 4 on allotment and ₹ 2 each on first and final call. Applications were received for 1,50,000 shares. Applicants of 50,000 shares were sent letters of regret and application money was refunded Madhur, a holder of 3,000 shares failed to pay allotment money which he paid alongwith the first call. Rohan, a shareholder holding 700 shares paid both the calls alongwith allotment. Sohan, a holder of 1,000 shares did not pay the first call and the final call. His shares were forfeited. The forfeited shares were re-issued at ₹ 11 per share as fully paid-up.
Pass necessary journal entries for the above transactions in the books of the company. (All India (C) 2015)
Answer:

Question 93.
X Ltd invited applications for issuing 75,000 equity shares of ₹ 10 each at a premium of ₹ 5 per share. The amount was payable as follows
On application and allotment – ₹ 9 per share (including premium)
On first and final call – Balance amount
Applications for 3,00,000 shares were received. Applications for 2,00,000 shares were rejected and money refunded. Shares were allotted on pro-rata basis to the remaining applicants. The first and final call was made. The amount was duly received except on 1,500 shares applied by Ravi. His shares were forfeited. The forfeited shares were re-issued at a discount of ₹ 4 per share. Pass necessary journal entries for the above transactions in the books of X Ltd. (All India 2014)
Answer:

Working Notes:
Those who applied for 1,00,000 shares were allotted = 75,000 shares
Ravi who applied for 1,500 shares was allotted = 75,000 x \(\frac { 1500 }{ 100000 }\) = 1,125 shares
Share Application and Allotment received on 1,500 shares of ₹ 9 each
(including premium of 7 5 each) = 13,500
Shares allotted (1,125 x 9) = (10425)
Excess application and allotment money received = 3,375
Share first and final call due to 1,125 shares of ₹ 6 each = 6,750
Share first and final call not received = 3,375 (6,750 – 3,375)
Therefore, share first and final call received = 2,21,625 (2,25,000 – 3,375)

Question 94.
Bhagwati Ltd invited applications for issuing 2,00,000 equity shares of ₹ 10 each. The amounts were payable as follows
On application – ₹ 3 per share
On allotment – ₹ 5 per share
On first and final call – ₹ 2 per share
Applications were received for 3,00,000 shares and pro-rata allotment was made to all the applicants. Money overpaid on application was adjusted towards allotment. B, who was allotted 3,000 shares, failed to pay the first and final call money. His shares were forfeited. Out of the forfeited shares, 2,500 shares were re-issued as fully paid-up @ ₹ 8 per share.
Pass necessary journal entries to record the above transactions in the books of Bhagwati Ltd. (All India 2014)
Answer:

Question 95.
Record the journal entries for forfeiture and re-issue in the following cases
(i) X Ltd forfeited 200 shares of ₹ 100 each, ₹ 70 called-up, on which the shareholders had paid application and allotment money of ₹ 50 per share. Out of these, 150 shares were re-issued to Naresh as ₹ 70 paid-up for ₹ 80 per share.
(ii) Y Ltd forfeited 180 shares of ₹ 10 each, ₹ 8 called-up, issued at a premium of ₹ 2 per share to R for non-payment of allotment money of ₹ 5 per share (including premium). Out of these, 160 shares were re-issued to Sanjay as ₹ 8 called-up for ₹ 10 per share fully paid-up. (All India 2013)
Answer:

Question 96.
Record the journal entries for forfeiture and re-issue of shares in the following cases
(i) X Ltd forfeited 20 shares of ₹ 10 each, ₹ 7 called-up on which the shareholder had paid application and allotment money of ₹ 5 per share. Out of these, 15 shares were re-issued to Naresh as ₹ 7 per share paid-up for ₹ 8 per share.
(ii) Y Ltd forfeited 90 shares of ₹ 10 each, ₹ 8 called up issued at a premium of ₹ 2 per share to ‘R’ for non-payment of allotment money of ₹ 5 per share (including premium). Out of these, 80 shares were re-issued to Sanjay as ₹ 8 called-up for ₹ 10 per share. (Delhi 2013)
Answer:
Solve as Q. no. 49 on page 340 and 341.
(i) Capital Reserve = ₹ 75
(ii) Capital Reserve = ₹ 400

Question 97.
RK Ltd invited applications for issuing 70,000 equity shares of ₹ 10 each at a premium of ₹ 35 per share. The amount was payable as follows
On application – ₹ 15 per share (including ₹ 12 premium)
On allotment – ₹ 10 per share (including ₹ 8 premium)
On first and final call – Balance amount
Applications for 65,000 shares were received and allotment was made to all applicants. A shareholder Ram, who was allotted 2,000 shares, failed to pay the allotment money. His shares were forfeited immediately after allotment. Afterwards the first and final call was made. Sohan, who had 3,000 shares, failed to pay the first and final call. His shares were also forfeited. Out of the forfeited shares 4,000 shares were re-issued @ ₹ 50 per share fully paid-up. The re-issued shares included all the shares of Ram.
Pass necessary journal entries for the above transactions in the books of RK Ltd. (All India 2012)
Answer:

Question 98.
Shyam Ltd invited applications for issuing 80,000 equity shares of ₹ 10 each at a premium of ₹ 40 per share. The amount was payable as follows
On application – ₹ 35 per share (including ₹ 30 premium)
On allotment – ₹ 8 per share (including ₹ 4 premium)
On first and final call – Balance amount
Applications for 77,000 shares were received. Shares were allotted to all the applicants.
Sundram to whom 7,000 shares were allotted failed to pay the allotment money. His shares were forfeited immediately after allotment.
Afterwards the first and final call was made. Satyam, the holder of 500 shares failed to pay the first and final call. His shares were also forfeited. Out of the forfeited shares 1,000 shares were re-issued at ₹ 50 per share fully paid-up. The re-issued shares included all the shares of Satyam. Pass necessary journal entries for the above transactions in the books of Shyam Ltd. (Delhi 2012)
Answer:
Solve as Q no. 51 on page 341 and 342.
Capital Reserve = ₹ 7,000

Question 99.
Which category of shares are redeemed after a specific given period according to r the terms of issue?
(a) Cumulative preference shares
(b) Redeemable preference shares
(c) Irredeemable preference shares
(d) Non-cumulative preference shares
Answer:
(b) Redeemable preference shares

Question 100.
Capital reserve is the reserve which is not readily available for distribution of dividend. It is mandatory to create capital reserve in case of
(a) capital profits earned by the company
(b) loss generated by the company
(c) gain made by company
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(a) capital profits earned by the company

Question 101.
Shares offered to a specific group of people or to an organisation is called
(a) pubic issue
(b) public offer
(c) private placement
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) private placement

Question 102.
ABC Ltd received application money on its issued share capital, which account is debited while recording this transaction?
(a) Share application account
(b) Balance sheet
(c) Bank account
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(c) Bank account

Question 103.
Shares issued for consideration other than cash are paid through
(a) cheque
(b) liability
(c) asset
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) asset

Question 104.
A company issues shares for consideration other than cash at par. Which account will be debited while recording the issue of shares?
(a) Share capital account
(b) Share at par account
(c) Vendor
(d) Share premium account
Answer:
(c) Vendor

Question 105.
What is the maximum interest rate charged on call-in-arrears amount as per Company Act, 2013?
(a) 10%
(b) 12%
(c) 15%
(d) 7%
Answer:
(a) 10%

Question 106.
What interest rate is applicable on calls-in-advance amount as per Company Act, 2013?
(a) 10%
(b) 12%
(c) 15%
(d) 7%
Answer:
(b) 12%

Question 107.
A company may receive calls-in-advance, if it is permitted by its
(a) AoA
(b) MoA
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) AoA

Question 108.
On forfeiture, share capital is
(a) reduced
(b) increased
(c) no change
(d) Either (a) or (b)
Answer:
(a) reduced

Question 109.
When forfeited shares are re-issued at premium, then premium account is
(a) debited with share face value
(b) credited with share face value
(c) debited with premium amount
(d) credited with premium amount
Answer:
(d) credited with premium amount

Question 110.
When discount is allowed on re-issue of forfeited shares, then the amount of discount is calculated using the formula
(a) Number of shares re-issued × (Paid-up value per share – Re-issue price per share)
(b) Number of shares re-issued × Paid-up value
(c) Number of shares re-issued × Re-issue price per share
(d) Paid-up value × Re-iasuejniceper share
Answer:
(a) Number of shares re-issued × (Paid-up value per share – Re-issue price per share)

Question 111.
A Ltd forfeited 300 shares of 10 each, fully called-up, held by B for non-payment of allotment money of ₹ 3 per equity share and final call money of ₹ 4 per share. Out of these, 250 shares were re-issued to C for a total payment of ₹ 1,800. Calculate the amount to be transferred to capital reserve account?
(a) ₹ 750
(b) ₹ 50
(c) ₹ 700
(d) ₹ 900
Answer:
(b) ₹ 50

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